Acids bases and buffers Flashcards
what is a Bronsted Lowry acid ?
proton donor
what is a Bronsted Lowry base?
proton acceptor
Metal + acid
salt + hydrogen
metal oxide + acid
salt + water
metal hydroxide + acid
salt + water
metal carbonate + acid
salt + water + carbon dioxide
what is a conjugate pair?
a conjugate pair is linked by the transferring of a proton
- conjugate acid is +
- conjugate base is -
what is Kw?
- ionic product of water
- Kw = [H+][OH-}
How to calculate the pH
pH = -log[H+]
How to calculate the [H+]
[H+] = 10^-pH
inverse of log
How to calculate pH of strong monobasic acids
[HA] = [H+]
use pH = -log[H+]
How to calculate pH of strong dibasic acids
[HA] = 2[H+] pH = -log[H+ x2]
How to calculate pH of strong bases
[Base] = [OH-]
- first find H+ using Kw/OH-
- then find pH using -log[H+]
How to calculate the pH of a weak acid
Ka = [H+]^2 / [HA]
- rearrange to find [H+] by doing square root of Ka*[HA]
- calculate pH by doing -log[H+]
How to calculate pKa
pKa = -log(Ka)
how to calcualte Ka when you have pKa
Ka = 10^-pKa
acid strength in pKa / Ka
- high pH + low Ka = weaker acid
- low pH + high Ka = stronger acid
Ka equation
Ka = [reactants] / [products]
how to calculate H+ when you have Ka
[H+] = √Ka*[HA]
