Acids and Bases Flashcards
The Empirical model
Acid:
conducts electr
blue litmus to red
sour taste
neutralizes base
liberate hydrogen
base
conduct electri
red litmus to ble
slippery feeling
neutralizes acid
The Arrhenius Model
An ACID is a substance that ionizes in water to give H3O+ ions (or H+ ions).
A BASE is a substance that dissociates in water to give OH- ions.
ionization
the reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.
Dissociation
the splitting of an ionic compound into its ions.
Equivalence point
the point where an acid and base have reacted so neither is in excess.
Indicators
An indicator is is an organic acid that produces different colours depending on the pHof the solution they are in
Strong acid
an acid that ionises completely in an aqueous solution.
nitric, sulphuric, chloric
Weak acid
an acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution.
any acid not nitric, sulphuric, chloric
Strong base
a base that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution
All group 1 hydroxides
Weak bases
base that only dissociates/ionises partially in an aqueous solution
all except gr 1 hydroxides
Dilute acids and bases
are aqueous acid/alkali solutions containing a lot of water.
Concentrated acids and bases
are aqueous solutions with little water.
The Lowry-Brønsted Model of Acids and Bases
Acid: a proton donor
Base: a proton acceptor
Amphoteric substance
a substance that can act as either an acid or a base.
H2O HCO31- HSO41-
