ACI 2 (Mod 3-4) Flashcards
When is the advent of digital electronics
1970
Electronic Instrument System is also known as
Glass cockpit
had the advantage of combining several flight and navigation functions into one display to provide the crew with greater situational awareness
Glass cockpit
The first commercial transport aircraft to employ an Electronic Instrument System (EIS) and when
Mcdonnell douglas md-80 1979
specialized vacuum tube in which images are produced when an electron beam strikes a phosphorescent surface
Cathode-ray rube
It replaces cathode-ray tube
Liquid Crystal Display
How many LCD in a commercial aircraft
5 or more
The early EIS displays mimicked the analog display formats for ease in pilot training as the crew transitioned from older analog displays to digital displays that were driven by aircraft data computers, known as
Display processors/Symbol generators
Two versions of ADI
- Analog Attitude Direction Indicator
- Electronic Attitude Direction Indicator
Two version of HSI
- Analog Horizontal Situations Display
- Electronic Horizontal Situations Display
an artificial horizon with lateral bars superimposed to display computer-generated pitch, roll and bank steering commands from the Flight Director computer.
ADI / EADI
combines navigation commands from the VHF Omni-Range (VOR) or Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, which are used for en-route guidance, or from the Instrument Landing System (ILS), which is used for terminal guidance.
HSI or EHSI
Besides heading, the HSI/EHSI also provides actual track, desired track, track angle error, drift angle, cross-track deviation, and distance to destination information, from the
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) or Inertial Navigation System (INS).
first entered service in 1995, has six 8’ × 8” multi-color LCD displays.
Boeing 777
The B777 EIS consists of a dual-redundant
- Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS)
- Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System (EICAS).
The _______ takes the place of the EADI and displays all the information critical to flight, including attitude, airspeed, barometric altitude, vertical speed, heading, flight modes, radio altitude, ILS data, and __________.
- PFD
- Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) resolution advisory.
designed to increase the crew’s situational awareness by integrating all of this information into a single composite display instead of the crew having to monitor several independent analog instruments.
PFD
Format of primary flight display
Center: Artificial horizon
Left: Airspeed
Right: Altitude
Bottom: Heading
Top: Flight modes
takes the place of the EHSI display to show the requisite information to navigate the aircraft, including heading, VOR, GPS, and ILS guidance.
Navigation display
an aircraft pitot- static system flight instrument that shows the ratio of the true airspeed to the speed of sound, a dimensionless quantity called Mach number.
Machmeter
Mach number is shown on a machmeter as a
Decimal fraction
Vertical speed indicator (VSI) is also known as
Rate of climb and descent indicator (RCDI)
an instrument which indicates the rate of climb or descent of an aircraft.
Vertical speed indicator or Rate of climb and descent indicator
It integrates various sensors to provide essential flight data to the pilot and other aircraft systems.
Air Data, Attitude, and Heading Reference System
detects the Earth’s magnetic field to determine the aircraft’s orientation relative to magnetic north.
Magnetometer (GMU)
This computer, rather than individual instruments, can determine the calibrated airspeed, Mach number, altitude, and altitude trend data from an aircraft’s Pitot Static System.
Air Data Computer
Measure parameters such as airspeed, altitude, and outside air temperature.
Includes sensors like pitot tubes, static ports, and temperature probes.
Air Data Sensors
The primary difference between analog and digital air data systems lies in
how they process, display, and transmit air data parameters
use continuous electrical signals and mechanical gauges for parameters like airspeed and altitude.
Analog Air Data Systems
They rely on analog circuitry and mechanical linkages, displaying information on traditional gauges.
Analog Air Data Systems
Maintenance-intensive, they offer less precision compared to digital systems due to mechanical wear and calibration complexities.
Analog Air Data Systems
convert data into binary code, using solid-state sensors and digital processors.
Digital Air Data Systems
They provide precise readings on digital displays, employing digital signal processing for accuracy.
Digital Air Data Systems
Reliable and less maintenance-intensive than analog systems, they offer advanced features like trend monitoring and integration with modern avionics systems
Digital Air Data Systems
