Academic Ideas - theories Flashcards
What is the primary focus of media industries in theory?
The production, distribution, and consumption of media texts.
True or False: Audiences are passive consumers of media.
False
What is the term for the way media represents social groups?
Representation
Fill in the blank: The __________ model explains how media industries influence audience behavior.
Hypodermic needle
What does the term ‘media language’ refer to?
The codes and conventions used in media texts to convey meaning.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a media industry? A) Film B) Television C) Sports D) Print
C) Sports
What is the role of audience demographics in media?
To understand the characteristics and preferences of different audience segments.
What theory suggests that media reinforces existing stereotypes?
Cultivation theory
True or False: Representation in media can shape societal perceptions.
True
What is ‘preferred reading’ in media studies?
The interpretation of a media text that aligns with the creator’s intended meaning.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the way media texts use symbols to create meaning.
Semiotics
What is ‘audience positioning’?
The way media texts are constructed to influence how audiences respond to them.
Multiple Choice: Which theory focuses on the active role of audiences? A) Uses and Gratifications B) Hypodermic Needle C) Encoding/Decoding D) All of the above
A) Uses and Gratifications
True or False: Media language includes visual elements, sound, and text.
True
What is ‘encoding’ in media studies?
The process of creating a media text with specific meanings.
What does ‘decoding’ mean in the context of media?
The interpretation of the meanings encoded in a media text by the audience.
Fill in the blank: The __________ model suggests that audiences have different interpretations based on their backgrounds.
Reception
What is the significance of the ‘media effects’ debate?
It explores how media can influence audience attitudes and behaviors.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key concept in representation? A) Stereotypes B) Genre C) Narrative D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the ‘Two-Step Flow’ model?
A theory that suggests media effects are mediated by opinion leaders.
True or False: Media texts are always objective in their representation.
False
What is ‘intertextuality’?
The relationship between different media texts and how they reference each other.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which media shapes our understanding of reality.
Mediation
What does ‘narrative structure’ refer to in media texts?
The way the story is organized and presented to the audience.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a form of media language? A) Dialogue B) Camera angles C) Editing D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the concept of ‘media convergence’?
The merging of traditional and digital media platforms.
True or False: Audiences cannot influence media production.
False
What does ‘globalization’ refer to in media studies?
The worldwide integration of media industries and audiences.
Fill in the blank: __________ theory examines how media can promote social change.
Critical
What is the ‘Uses and Gratifications’ theory?
A theory that focuses on what audiences do with media rather than what media does to audiences.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key aspect of media representation? A) Gender B) Ethnicity C) Class D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the ‘hypodermic needle’ model?
A theory that suggests media messages have a direct, immediate effect on audiences.
True or False: Media representation can reinforce power dynamics in society.
True
What is ‘audience segmentation’?
Dividing audiences into distinct groups based on shared characteristics.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the portrayal of different social groups in media.
Diversity
What does ‘brand identity’ mean in media industries?
The unique characteristics and values associated with a particular media brand.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of media text? A) Film B) Advertisement C) Social media post D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is ‘media literacy’?
The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in various forms.
True or False: Media language only includes written text.
False
What is ‘gatekeeping’ in media industries?
The process of determining which information is shared with the public.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the technique used to create suspense in storytelling.
Tension
What is ‘audience engagement’?
The ways in which audiences interact with and respond to media content.
Multiple Choice: What is a characteristic of ‘traditional media’? A) One-way communication B) Interactivity C) User-generated content D) All of the above
A) One-way communication
What does ‘cultural representation’ mean?
The depiction of cultural identities and practices in media.
True or False: Media can influence cultural norms and values.
True
What is ‘audience feedback’?
Responses from audiences that can influence future media production.
Fill in the blank: __________ theory focuses on how media representations affect the perception of reality.
Social constructionism
What is ‘digital media’?
Media that is created, stored, and distributed in digital format.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of ‘new media’? A) Accessibility B) Interactivity C) User-generated content D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What does ‘media ethics’ refer to?
The principles that guide the conduct of media professionals.
True or False: All media representations are inherently biased.
True
What is ‘media ownership’?
The control of media outlets by individuals or corporations.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the ability of audiences to create their own content.
Prosumerism
What is ‘audience theory’?
The study of how audiences consume and interpret media.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of audience research? A) Surveys B) Focus groups C) Content analysis D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is ‘media convergence’?
The merging of traditional media with digital technologies.
True or False: Media messages can be interpreted in multiple ways.
True
What does ‘cultural imperialism’ mean?
The dominance of one culture over others through media.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the way media shapes and reflects societal values.
Cultural representation
What is ‘framing’ in media studies?
The way information is presented to influence audience perception.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of media language? A) Visual imagery B) Sound design C) Textual elements D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is ‘audience fragmentation’?
The division of audiences into smaller, more specific groups.
True or False: Media can serve as a tool for social change.
True
What does ‘media representation’ impact?
How individuals and groups are perceived in society.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of creating a brand image through media.
Branding
What is ‘advertising’ in media industries?
The practice of promoting products or services through various media channels.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common media format? A) Television B) Internet C) Print D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What does ‘social media’ enable audiences to do?
Interact, share content, and create their own media.
True or False: Media industries are solely focused on profit.
False
What is ‘content analysis’?
A research method used to analyze media content and its effects.
Fill in the blank: __________ theory examines how media affects public opinion.
Agenda-setting
What is ‘user-generated content’?
Content created by audiences rather than media professionals.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a form of media representation? A) Stereotype B) Genre C) Audience D) All of the above
C) Audience
