AC3.1

Question 1

What is the philosophy of the police

Answer 1

• prevent crime and disorder
• police need the publics cooperation and approval
• physical force is last resort

Question 2

What are the aims of the police

Answer 2

• keep peace and maintain order
• protect life and property
• prevent, detect, investigate crime
  -bring offenders to justice
• police achieve goals through powers given by PACE- stop, question, search

Question 3

What are the working practices of the police

Answer 3

• police deal with all types of offences and offenders
• specialist officers- fraud, drug squads, covert operations, traffic and mounted police

Question 4

What is the reach of the police

Answer 4

39 regional police forces in England and Wales, 4 in Wales, 1 in Scotland and 1 in Northern Ireland

Question 5

Where does funding for the police come from

Answer 5

2020/21 police budget was £15.2bn
-2/3 from central government
- council tax
- small amount comes from charging for services e.g. football match

Question 6

What is the philosophy of the CPS

Answer 6

• independence and fairness
• honesty and openness
• treat everyone with respect

Question 7

What are the aims of the CPS

Answer 7

• advises police on their investigations about lines of enquiry and evidence needed
• independently assesses evidence submitted by police
• decides whether to prosecute and what charges to be brought
• prepares prosecutions cases and presents to court

Question 8

What are the working practices of the CPS

Answer 8

• CPS deals with full range of offences and criminals, apart from very minor crimes

Question 9

What is the reach of the CPS

Answer 9

CPS is national body through England and Wales, 14 regional areas responsible for prosecuting local area, each one headed by chief crown prosecutor
provides charging decisions24/7, 365 days a year

Question 10

Where does the funding for the CPS come from

Answer 10

• most comes from central government
• budget of half a million a year
• CPS recovers necessary costs through courts awarding costs against defendants and recovering assets confiscated from criminals

Question 11

What is the philosophy of the judiciary

Answer 11

• independence and fairness
• honesty and openness
• treat everyone with respect
• equality and inclusion

Question 12

What are the aims of the judiciary

Answer 12

• interpret and apply law to cases that come to the court
• crown court- judge manages trial, ensures fairness, explains legal issues, sum up evidence, pass sentences if found guilty
• appeal court- judges make rulings on appeals that come before them from lower courts

Question 13

What are the working practices of the judiciary

Answer 13

judges deal with all types of offences and offenders, except for least serious cases which are dealt with by magistrates

Question 14

What is the funding of the judiciary

Answer 14

-2020, the most senior judge received £262,000 and district judges in lowest rank earned £112,000

Question 15

What is the philosophy of prisons

Answer 15

• government agency respo0nsible for the UK’s prisons
• purpose is to ‘prevent victims by changing the lives of offenders’

Question 16

What are the aims of prisons

Answer 16

• protect public from harm
• help people who have been convicted by rehabilitating them
• hold prisoners securely and implement sentences and orders of the court

Question 17

What are the working practices of prisons

Answer 17

• deal with high risk offenders who not suitable to serve sentence in community
• range of seriousness ranges from theft to murder for example
• prisoners who have tried to escape are placed on escape list and have to be handcuffed and wear bright yellow clothing

Question 18

What is the reach of prisons

Answer 18

• nationally organised- several prisons around the UK
• when offender sentenced, placed in local prison and then given security classification
• catA- highly dangerous to the public, murder, attempted murder, Wakefield
• catB- not require maximum security, difficult if in society, Pentonville
• catC- not trusted in open conditions, Birmingham
• catD- reasonabloy trusted to not escape, Kirkham

Question 19

What is the funding of prisons

Answer 19

• prisons paid for out of taxation by government
• 2018, total budget was £3bn

Question 20

What is the philosophy of the probation services

Answer 20

• belief that offenders can change for the better and become responsible
• belief in worth and dignity of individual

Question 21

What are the aims of the probation services

Answer 21

• protect public by rehabilitating offenders by tackling reasons that cause them to commit crime
  -works with offenders serving their sentence in the community

Question 22

What are the working practices of probation

Answer 22

at any one time around 250,000 offenders are on probationW

Question 23

What is the reach of the probation service

Answer 23

national service, work same standards throughout country, deliver same service regionally and nationally

Question 24

What is the funding of the probation services

Answer 24

• in 2018, had budget of £4.6bn, shared between prison and probation services
• budget provided by government and comes from taxation

Question 25

What are the aims of the charity NACRO

Answer 25

• social justice charity seeking to change lives, strengthen communities and prevent crime
  e.g. of how
• housing- 2018, over 2600 people left custody with secure accommodation
• education- 2018, 4900 people studied through their education services

Question 26

What are the working practices of NACRO

Answer 26

work with range of ex-offenders, young people at risk of offending, concerned with needs of disadvantaged young people and adults

Question 27

What is the reach of NACRO

Answer 27

national organisation with local activities in 50 different parts of England and Wales at any one time, large full time staff and many unpaid volunteers

Question 28

What is the funding of NACRO

Answer 28

income of around £50m a year, funding comes from public donations, government grants

Question 29

What are the aims of the charity Prison Reform Trust

Answer 29

main objectives
- reduce unnecessary imprisonment and promote community sentences as solutions to crime
- improve treatments and conditions for prisoners and their families
- promote equality and human rights in justice system

Question 30

What are the working practices of PRT

Answer 30

• focuses on how prison system can be reformed to benefit prisoners
• carry out research on aspects of prison life
• provides advice and information to prisoners and families

Question 31

What is the funding of the PRT

Answer 31

don’t receive any funding from the government and relies solely on public donations to function