AC3.1

Question 1

Probation funding

Answer 1

2018, budget for police and probation was 4.6billion funded by the government, taxation.
-however they were paid to help meet targets to do with reducing re offending this was through (community rehab company’s)
-in 2018, a report was made that 342billion was spent on CRCs and 19/21 missed there targets therefore the government ended all private sector contracts.

Question 2

Probation working practices

Answer 2

-250,000 offenders on probation
-those serving sentence in community (low/medium risk)
There released on license from prison

Question 3

Evaluation of probation

Answer 3

Weakness- since 2010, 697murders and 952 rape convictions
-call by offenders managed by probation. Not meeting any aims

Question 4

Aims and objectives of probation

Answer 4

-belief that offenders can change for the better

-belief in the worth and dignity of the individual.
-commitment to social justice, inclusion, equality and diversity.

-

Question 5

Probation working practices

Question 6

Prisons aims and objectives

Answer 6

-Prison must provide some form of punishment which involves the derivation of liberty and consequences.
-rehabilitation of offenders should be attempted so when they are released they do not reoffend

Question 7

Funding of prisons

Answer 7

In 2015,it was estimated that the average cost of keeping a prisoner was £36,000 (this has gone up in recent years) and the budget for prisons is £3.4billion raised through taxation

Question 8

Philosophy of prisons

Answer 8

-Serves the public by keeping dangerous offenders in custody.
-their duty is to look after prisoners with humanity and keep them live law abiding lives whilst being in custody

Question 9

Working practices of prisons?

Answer 9

Prisons are divided into different categories based on the level of security:
Category A: a high risk/ maximum security.
Category B: high risk to others eg HMP Durham
Category C: lower risk but not trusted to be in open conditions eg HMP Dartmoor
Category D: very low risk to others due for release soon

Question 10

Judiciary aims and objectives

Answer 10

-makes sure rules are being followed
-makes sure everyone has a fair hearing
-must manage the trial ensuring fairness to all parties
-explain legal issues and procedures to members of the jury.

Question 11

Judiciary funding

Answer 11

Pay of judiciary is based on the advice of an independent body, senior salaries review body. District judge salary is £112,000, senior judge is £262,000

Question 12

Philosophy of judiciary (6principles)

Answer 12

-judicial independence
-free from the government
-impartiality
-integrity
-propriety
-ensuring equal treatment
-competence

Question 13

Judiciary working practices

Answer 13

Types of criminality: judges deal with all types of crimes except from less serious crimes which would be dealt with by magistrates or caution/ fines issued by police
National and local reach: most senior level, the Supreme Court has national jurisdiction and settle points of law of national importance. Judges working in the lower courts. 90 crown court venues around the county handle local cases

Question 14

CPS aims and objectives

Answer 14

-brought under the prosecution of offences act 1985
-advise police officers wether an offender will be charged or not.
-independent body and fair.
-prepare and present prosecution case against offender.
-prepare appeals against offender under unduly lenient scheme.

Question 15

CPS funding

Answer 15

Budget comes from the government (£500million a year)
-cps recovers costs through when the court award costs against the defendant and also recover assets that have been confiscated off criminals.
However in 2018 there was a budget cut and 1/3 of staff had to go this lead to concerns about the cps and if they will be able to perform effectively

Question 16

Philosophy of CPS

Answer 16

-Independant fairness
-honestly
-treating individuals with respect.

Question 17

CPS working practices

Answer 17

Types of offender: CPS works with full range of crimes apart from very minor offences.
National and local reach: 14 regional teams prosecuting cases locally. Each headed by their crown prosecutor and work closely with the police

Question 18

Police aims and objectives

Answer 18

-protecting the public
-brining offenders to justice
-maintain law and order

Question 19

Police funding

Answer 19

-2021-2022 police received a budget of £15.2billion police budget comes from 3 sources:
-2/3 comes from central government /tax payer
-1/3 comes from council tax 4% goes towards the police
-small amount comes from policing events such high profile football matches

Question 20

Philosophy of the police

Answer 20

-prevent crime and disorder
-use of physical force as a last resort.
-impartiality hold the law.

Question 21

Working practices of police

Answer 21

-their reach:
39 police forces in England and 4 in wales and 1 in Scotland.
There are 3 specialised departments:
-public protection unit
-criminal investigations
-major investigations team

Question 22

Charities and pressure groups philosophy, aims and objectives

Answer 22

Nacro (national association for care and settlement of offenders) nacros describes itself as a social justice charity
-seeks to change people’s lives, strengthen communities and prevent crime.

Question 23

What do NACRO provide?

Answer 23

-housing: nacro houses over 3000 tenants. In 2018 2600people left custody with secure permanent residence.
-education: in 2018, 4900 people studied through nacros education service
- resettlement: Nacro provides support about employment, education and accommodation.
-outreach projects: to keep young people from re offending.

Question 24

Nacros funding?

Answer 24

Income of £50million a year. Funding comes from local donations, government grants and contracts for providing services.

Question 25

Nacros working practices

Answer 25

Types of criminals and offender: mostly concerns with the needs of disadvantaged young people and adults.
National and local reach: has local activities and projects in 50 different parts of England and wales at any one time.