abomasal disorders Flashcards
what part of the stomach is the abomasum?
glandular stomach
how many times does the abomasum contract a day?
18-20x
which part of the stomach predominates in pre-ruminant calf?
abomasum
what results in reduced motility of the abomasum?
hypoCa hypoCl hypoNa hypoK metabolic acidosis ketosis and acidosis
list the various abomasal dxs
check slide 10
where is the abomasum normally located?
right ventrum
what types of abomasal displacements are there?
left (most common)
right - dilation & volvulus
(also cranial btwn liver & diaphragm but v rare)
explain DA pathogenesis
- reduced abomasal motility: reduced plasma Ca2+ conc.
- gaseous distention
- displacement: L/R
when does LDA occur?
during transition period
risk factors for LDA
breed: dairy > beef
gender: female > male
yield: higher > lower
genetics: motilin gene influences abomasal motility, can affect abomasal displacement risk
external risk factors for LDA
immediate pp period
diet
concurrent dx (pp dx)
pp dx can be related to transition diet
pp risk factors
rumen reduces in size in the lat month before calving = cranioventral part of abdomen is more empty than normal allows abomasum (if filled w gas) to move across the left because less obs c.f. peri-partum period 1st 4-6wks pp
dietary risk factors
pre-calving diet
reduction in DMI before calving which can result in: ketosis, hepatic lipidosis, NEB
high grain intake pre-calving = high CHO intake
low crude fibre <17%
prevention for LDA
focus on transition period max. DMI prevent pp dx treat ketosis & other conditions promptly (cow w NEB higher risk of LDA) min. stress
what is the target LDA incidence for a herd?
<3%
when should you start investigating causes of LDA in herd?
if overall annual LDA incidence > or = 2%
cluster cases in short time
client concerns
what should you start with for herd approach regarding LDA?
transition management:
- diet
- stocking density
- calving management
how to diagnose LDA?
hx and CE
what would the hx be like for a cow w LDA?
depressed feed intake/anorexia
drop in milk pdtn
recent calving
transition period problems
clinical findings on CE for LDA?
abnormal faeces
decreased rumination sounds +/- decreased rumen size
auscultation & ballottement of abdomen: pinging
+/- dehydration (skin tent/sunken eyes)
+/- concurrent dx
HR & RR norm/increased, occasional sinus arrhythmia
other diagnostic methods for LDA
abomasocentesis: 10/11th ICS, pH 2-3, no protozoa, small vol
US: last 3 ICS on LHS, ventral to dorsal
DA prognostic categories: group 1
gas distension only
HR wnl
excellent px: conservative, no fixation needed
DA prognostic categories: group 2
gas distention + <20% fluid
HR < 100bpm
good px: percutaneous fixation - “closed surgery”
DA prognostic cat: group 3
gas distension + >/= 20% fluid
HR >/= 100bpm
mod (guarded px): surgical - open (traditional)/laparoscopic
conservative techniques for LDA
medical management
cast and roll
explain cast and roll technique
cast cow onto RHS
method 1: roll over onto LHS + ballottement of ventral abdo
method 2: roll over dorsum then tilt cow 45deg alternately L&R several times before rolling onto LHS
hold cow in LLR for 5-10mins before returning to standing/sternal
cons of cast & roll technique?
high recurrence rate (>80%)
rolling risks
explain percutaneous fixation technique
roll & toggle: ‘Grymer/Sterner technique’
blind suture: utilises large suture instead of plastic toggle
