Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
what is abnormal psyc
scientific study of abnormal behaviour, emotion, cognition
empirical methods of mental disorders
description, causation, treatment
3 D’s of defining abnormality
deviant ,distressing, dysfunctional
deviant
rare/unusual/unexpected
distressing
to the person or others
dysfunctional
maladaptive, interfering with life goals
the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)
published by the American Psychiatric Association, reflects biological/medical model of mental illness
approaches to mental illness
supernatural, biological, sociocultural
biological model
explained mental disorders as chemical imbalance or brain abnormalities. treatment = medication, electroconvulsive therapy
psychoanalytic model
structure of personality, psychosexual stages of development, defence mechanisms. treatment = develop awareness
structure of personality
id (instinctual self), ego (conscious self), superego (moral self)
psychosexual stages of development
oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
defence mechanisms
repression, denial, projection, displacement, regression, sublimation
humanistic model
treatment = empathy, positive regard
behavioural model
classical and operant conditioning. treatment = exposure
cognitive-behavioural model
currently dominant. treatment = cognitive restructuring, exposure, behavioural experiments
classifications systems
DSM-5. first developed 1952
DSM-5 major depression
a single or recurrent depressive episode
major depressive episode
5 or more depression symptoms in a two-week period. prevalence 5-25%
different types of health professionals
psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, registered psychologst, counseller, social worker
psychiatrist
11-13 years of study, treatment takes bio-medical appraoch
clinical psychologist
cannot prescribe medication, 9-10 years training, therapy takes bio-psycho-social approach
registered/general psychologist
assist people with everyday problems, 5 years training
social worker
work in direct services or clinical field, 4-8/9 years training
counsellor
may simply provide a “listening ear”, varied and wide level of training
3 inner related systems that are acitvated in response to perceived threat
physical system (fight/flight), cognitive system, behavioural system
normal anxiety
necessary for survival, has threat appraisal
abnormal anxiety
overestimation of threat, interferes with everyday social or occupational activities
DSM-5 specific phobias
consistent and persistent fear reaction, higher prevalence in children
major depression biomedical treatment
medication, electroconvulsive therapy
major depression psychological treatment
cognitive behavioural therapy - includes behavioural techniques
