Abnormal Mood: Elated Mood Flashcards
how does DSM classify bipolar?
course and pattern
- bipolar 1 and bipolar 2
- cyclothymic disorder
how does ICD classify bipolar?
episode severity
- hypomania
- mania with psychotic features
- mania without psychotic features
what is bipolar 1?
has to have met criteria for mania although previous episodes may have been hypomanic/depressive
classic form of manic depression in the last century
what is bipolar 2?
current or past hypomanic episode and current or past depressive episode
has never met criteria for manic episode
most common
what are specifiers?
subcategories of diagnosis recognised by DSM that reflect the presence of particular symptoms
specifiers can be added onto bipolar diagnosis
to allow further clarify the specifics of the individuals disease character but it can become difficult to define boundaries of illness
examples of specifiers?
"with anxious distress" "with mixed features" with cataconia with rapid cycling with melancholic features etc etc
how does ICS classify bipolar?
disorder characterised by 2 or more episodes in which the patient’s mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed
this disturbance consisting on some occasions of hypomania or mania and on others depression
repeated episodes of hypomania or mania only classified as bipolar
how can bipolar be distinguished from depression?
a single episode of mania or hypomania is still bipolar even if you haven’t had the opposite episode yet
the first episode of hypomania or mania in a background of long term depression means that its bipolar and not depression
what is hypomania?
means a level of disturbance below mania
how is a hypomanic episode defined?
mood is elevated or irritable to a degree that is definitely abnormal for the individual and sustained for at least 4 days
at least 3 of the following present, leading to impaired daily functioning
- increased activity/physical restlessness
- increased talkativeness
- difficulty in concentration or distractibility
- decreased need for sleep
- increased sexual energy
- mild spending sprees or other reckless/irresponsible behaviour
criteria for manic episode?
mood must be predominantly elevated, expansive or irritable and definitely abnormal for individual and sustained for 1 week
at least 3 of the following (4 if mood is only irritable) leading to impaired daily living
- increased activity
- increased talkative
- flight of ideas/thoughts racing
- loss of normal social inhibitions (inappropriate behaviour)
- decreased need for sleep
- inflated self esteem or grandiosity
- distractibility or constant change in activity/plans
- foolhardy/reckless behaviour
- marked sexual energy or sexual indiscretions
if someone ends up in hospital, is it generally mania or hypomania?
mania
functional impairment in hypomania vs mania?
hypomania = abnormal for individual mania = severe interference with functioning
how is insight affected in manic/hypomanic episode?
usually impaired
lifetime prevalence of bipolar?
1-4%
1-2.5% 1 year prevalence