Abnormal Mood - Depression Flashcards
what is anhedonia?
loss of enhoyment
what is anergia?
lack of energy
what is amotivation?
lack of motivation
what does it mean if your mood has diurnal variation?
it varies throughout the day
what is early morning wakening?
waking at least two hours before the expected waking time
what is psychomotor retardation?
slowing of thoughts and/or movements
what is stupor?
the absence of relational functions such as speech
describe what may be seen in the appearance and behaviour of a patient with depression
reduced facial expressions
furrowed brow classically
reduced eye contact
limited gesturing
describe what the speech of someone with depression may sound like
slow low pitch quiet monotonous limited content increased speech latencies
how might a patient with depression describe their mood?
low, down, sad etc
may say “flat”
if severe may say numb or empty
describe the affect commonly seen in depressed patients
low
reduced range
reduced reactivity
describe the form of thought seen in depressed patients
typically normal
describe the flow of thought that may be seen in depressed patients
thoughts seem slowed
what can the content of thoughts be like in depression?
negative
nihilistic delusions can occur
suicidal thinking
what hallucinations can occur, if any, in depression?
auditory second person hallucinations
what changes in cognition may be seen in a patient with depression?
slowed, memory and attention problems
describe a patient with depression’s insight
typically preserved
what are the two general criteria for diagnosis of depression?
depressive episode lasting two weeks
no manic or hypomanic episodes at any time
how many core criteria for depression need to be met for diagnosis?
two out of three
what are the three core criteria for diagnosing depression?
depressed mood
loss of interest
decreased energy
what criteria overall needs to be met to diagnose depression?
2/3 core criteria
additional criteria to bring the total up to four
name the seven additional symptoms of depression
loss of confidence feelings of guilt suicidal thoughts loss of concentration psychomotor changes sleep disturbance appetite change
name three rating scales that can be used to assess the severity of depression
Hamilton rating scale (HSRD)
Montgomery asperg depression rating scale (MADRS)
beck depression inventory (BDI)
what is classified as a moderate depressive episode in ICD 10?
two core symptoms
at least 4 additional
(total = 6)
what is classified as a severe depressive episode in ICD 10?
all three core symptoms
at least 5 additional symptoms
(total of 8)
how is mild depression managed?
watchful waiting
anti depressants are not recommended
what is the criteria for chronic depression?
full criteria for a major depressive episode met continuously for at least the past two years
