Abnormal Mood - Depression

Question 1

what is anhedonia?

Answer 1

loss of enhoyment

Question 2

what is anergia?

Answer 2

lack of energy

Question 3

what is amotivation?

Answer 3

lack of motivation

Question 4

what does it mean if your mood has diurnal variation?

Answer 4

it varies throughout the day

Question 5

what is early morning wakening?

Answer 5

waking at least two hours before the expected waking time

Question 6

what is psychomotor retardation?

Answer 6

slowing of thoughts and/or movements

Question 7

what is stupor?

Answer 7

the absence of relational functions such as speech

Question 8

describe what may be seen in the appearance and behaviour of a patient with depression

Answer 8

reduced facial expressions
furrowed brow classically
reduced eye contact
limited gesturing

Question 9

describe what the speech of someone with depression may sound like

Answer 9

slow 
low pitch 
quiet 
monotonous 
limited content 
increased speech latencies

Question 10

how might a patient with depression describe their mood?

Answer 10

low, down, sad etc

may say “flat”

if severe may say numb or empty

Question 11

describe the affect commonly seen in depressed patients

Answer 11

low
reduced range
reduced reactivity

Question 12

describe the form of thought seen in depressed patients

Answer 12

typically normal

Question 13

describe the flow of thought that may be seen in depressed patients

Answer 13

thoughts seem slowed

Question 14

what can the content of thoughts be like in depression?

Answer 14

negative
nihilistic delusions can occur
suicidal thinking

Question 15

what hallucinations can occur, if any, in depression?

Answer 15

auditory second person hallucinations

Question 16

what changes in cognition may be seen in a patient with depression?

Answer 16

slowed, memory and attention problems

Question 17

describe a patient with depression’s insight

Answer 17

typically preserved

Question 18

what are the two general criteria for diagnosis of depression?

Answer 18

depressive episode lasting two weeks

no manic or hypomanic episodes at any time

Question 19

how many core criteria for depression need to be met for diagnosis?

Answer 19

two out of three

Question 20

what are the three core criteria for diagnosing depression?

Answer 20

depressed mood
loss of interest
decreased energy

Question 21

what criteria overall needs to be met to diagnose depression?

Answer 21

2/3 core criteria

additional criteria to bring the total up to four

Question 22

name the seven additional symptoms of depression

Answer 22

loss of confidence 
feelings of guilt 
suicidal thoughts 
loss of concentration 
psychomotor changes 
sleep disturbance 
appetite change

Question 23

name three rating scales that can be used to assess the severity of depression

Answer 23

Hamilton rating scale (HSRD)
Montgomery asperg depression rating scale (MADRS)
beck depression inventory (BDI)

Question 24

what is classified as a moderate depressive episode in ICD 10?

Answer 24

two core symptoms
at least 4 additional

(total = 6)

Question 25

what is classified as a severe depressive episode in ICD 10?

Answer 25

all three core symptoms
at least 5 additional symptoms

(total of 8)

Question 26

how is mild depression managed?

Answer 26

watchful waiting

anti depressants are not recommended

Question 27

what is the criteria for chronic depression?

Answer 27

full criteria for a major depressive episode met continuously for at least the past two years