Abnormal Development Flashcards
Give example of antibiotics and their mechanism that can cause abnormal development
Tetracyclines- cross placenta and deposit in bones and teeth. Cause teeth discolouration till 16 years of age
Streptomycin- inner ear defects
Give example of other drug that can cause abnormal development.
Methotrexate (DMARDs)
folic acid inhibitor so can cause neural tube defects
Give example of hormones and the abnormal development they can cause
Androgens- can cause masculination of the female genitalia
Endocrine disrupters- increased incidence of testis malformations and abnormal sperm in male offspring
increased incidence of carcinoma of vagina and cervix
Give an overview of how alcohol can cause abnormal development.
Causes Foetal alcohol syndrome for babies.
facial deformities, low birth weight, developmental delay, poor socialising and motor skills and memory problems.
Give examples of illegal drugs and their mechanism for how they cause abnormal development
Heroin- babies born with dependency
Cocaine- premature labour and malformation of heart
How do infectious agents cause abnormal development
They can cross the placenta and are mostly viral
How does Rubella virus cause abnormal development
Exposure in first 3 months of pregnancy can lead to:
cataracts (6th week) and destruction of the Organ of corti (9th week) and CNS (25th week)
How does cytomegalovirus affect pregnancy.
cause spontaneous abortion in the 1st 3 months and, deafness
How does herpes affect babies
mental retardation
What virus is found in cat litter, raw/uncooked meat and unwashed fruit and vegetables and what does it cause
Protozoan parasite (Toxoplasma gondii) can cause microcephaly and hydrocephalus
Give examples of ionising radiations and how they cuse birth defects
rapidly kills proliferating cells- produces any type of defect depending on time and dose
nagasaki and hiroshima atomic bombs
chernobyl disaster
What is the most sensitive stage for the lethal effect of radiation?
Pre-implantation (week 1)
Which tissue from the implanting embryo directly interfaces with the endometrium?
synctiotrophoblast
