ABE 1 INTRO QUIZ Flashcards
a field of engineering which integrates
engineering science and design with applied biological, environmental and agricultural sciences
AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
agricultural and biosystems engineers can…
◼ control and manage land and water resources
◼ develop facilities and structures that help utilize water efficiently
◼ design and develop effective cropping pattern or calendar
◼ develop systems that convert biological waste products into energy and other valuable products
◼ design and manage manufacturing processes to ensure that your food is free from foodborne pathogens (in the
food industry)
◼ design constructed wetlands to protect aquatic RBDeLosReyes, LWRD, IABE, CEAT, UPLB ecosystems
addresses a wide range of issues regarding the use of land, water quality and water quantity.
Land and water resources engineering
APPLICATIONS OF LAND AND WATER
RESOURCES ENGINEERING
◼ CONTROL OF WATER
◼ UTILIZATION OF WATER
◼ WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
◼ Design and development of CROPPING SYSTEMS or CROPPING CALENDAR
to prevent excessive damage to property and loss of life
CONTROL OF WATER
Under CONTROL OF WATER
◼ flood mitigation
◼ sewerage
◼ storm drainage
◼ highway culvert design
for beneficial purposes
UTILIZATION OF WATER
Under UTILIZATION OF WATER
◼ municipal water supply (potable water)
◼ irrigation (for agricultural development)
◼ hydro-electric power development
◼ Navigation
APPLICATIONS OF LAND AND WATER
RESOURCES ENGINEERING
◼ Irrigation
◼ Drainage
◼ Soil and water conservation
Through land and water resources development
- increase in water use efficiency
- increase in crop yield
- increase in cropping intensity (ratio of the area actually planted per year to the physical area)
- reduce in losses
◼ the controlled application of water to arable lands in order to supply crops with the water requirements not
satisfied by natural precipitation (NEH, 1991)
◼ the application of water to soil for the purpose of supplying the moisture essential for plant growth
(Hansen, 1979)
IRRIGATION
the application of water to soil for any of the following
purposes (Hansen, 1979):
- provide crop insurance against short duration crops
- cool the soil and atmosphere, thereby making more
favorable environment for plant growth
- washout or dilute salts in the soil
- soften tillage pans and clods
IRRIGATION
◼ the artificial application of water onto a piece of cropland in sufficient amount and proper time to
promote a favorable rootzone environment and to supply the optimum plant water requirement for good growth and yield
IRRIGATION
◼ the removal of excess water in the soil to create
conditions suitable for plant growth
◼ the removal of excess water is either from the ground
surface or from the rootzone
DRAINAGE
is the process of determining and controlling the volume, frequency and
application rate of irrigation water in a planned, efficient manner
Irrigation Water Management
is a systematic process for the sustainable development, allocation and monitoring of water resource use in the context of social, economic and environmental objectives.
Integrated water resources management
The Philippines has always recognized that ___________ and ___________ agricultural growth will provide an enduring solution to the twin problems of food insecurity and pervasive rural poverty.
accelerated
sustainable
One of the oldest Irrigation
rice terraces in Banaue or Mountain Province (2,000 BC)
Free Irrigation (RRD Administration)
2017 & beyond
NATIONAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM (NIS)
-Upper Pampanga River
Integrated Irrigation
System (UPRIIS)
-Santa Maria River Irrigation System
(SMRIS)
COMMUNAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM (NIS)
Barutoan Communal Irrigation System
El Nido, Palwan
MINOR IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
◼ Surface water
◼ Groundwater
Under Surface water
ponds
water impounding structures
diversion structures
open source pumps (OSP)
or low-lift pump (LLP)
Under Groundwater
shallow tubewell (STW)
deep tubewell (DTW)
hand tubewells (HTWs)
Problems in Irrigation in the Philippines
- The level of irrigation development is very low
- The existing large gravity irrigation system have continuously been performing inefficiently and
below expectations - The sub-optimal performance is due to interrelated technical, hydrologic, socio- economic, institutional, environmental and political issues and constraints besetting the national efforts towards accelerated irrigation
development
- transfer of the management and administration of irrigation systems to irrigator’s associations
NIA Rationalization Plan (2008)
- strengthen the autonomy and empowerment of local government units (LGUs)
- Transfer of the management of irrigation systems (CIS) to LGUs
Executive Order No. 138 series of 2021
(Mandanas Ruling)
(Republic Act No. 10068)
Organic Agriculture Act of 2010
(Republic Act No. 10969)
Free Irrigation Service Act (FISA) of 2017
- The potential benefits from irrigation development in the country have never been fully harnessed
Present State of Irrigation Development
2.0 million ha - total service area (64% of potential)
0.93 million ha – NIS
0.72 million ha – CIS
0.18 million ha – PIS (Private IS)
0.17 million ha – OGA (other government agency)
NIA annual report (2020)
Issues on and constraints to sustainable irrigation development
(David, 2003)
◼ Performance of gravity irrigation systems and irrigated agriculture
◼ Sub-optimal Use of Water
◼ Recycling wastewater for agriculture
◼ Cost-effectiveness and suitability of current irrigation technologies
◼ High cost of irrigation development
◼ Subsidy, irrigation service fee (ISF) and sustainability
◼ Water Rights and water pricing
◼ Policy framework for water resources
◼ Credit for small-scale irrigation development
◼ Institutional arrangements/mechanisms
◼ Public sector’s capacity to perform essential services and functions in support of the timely adjustments in policy and policy instruments
◼ Role of Farmers and Water Users Organizations and LGUs
◼ Fragmentation of irrigation development activities
To achieve accelerated and sustained
irrigation development… (David, 2003)
◼ Development of New Irrigation Systems
◼ Rehabilitation of National and Communal Irrigation Systems
◼ Improving the Performance of Irrigated Agriculture
◼ Farming Systems Diversification and
Intensification
◼ Enhanced Institutional Capacity
◼ Research and Extension
