Abdominal Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal Inspection
A
Expose xiphoid to pubis, supine, knees bent, stand on the right
2
Q
Upper Distention
A
Stomach, liver, spleen
3
Q
Lower Distention
A
Pregnancy, bladder, hernia
4
Q
Distention - Both
A
Ascites
5
Q
Increase Peristalsis
A
Early Obstruction
6
Q
Decrease Peristalsis
A
Late Obstruction
7
Q
Pulsations could mean?
A
Aneurysm
8
Q
Purple Striae
A
Cushing’s
Adrenal tumor
9
Q
White / Silver Marks
A
Stretch marks
10
Q
Incisions indicate
A
Surgery
11
Q
Linea Nigra indicates
A
Pregnancy
12
Q
Diastasis recti insignificant or significant?
A
insignificant
13
Q
Bluing around the umbilicus
A
Cullen’s sign
14
Q
Caput medusa associated with
A
Portal Hypertension
15
Q
Grey Turner’s Sign
A
Ecchymosis of flanks indicating pancreatitis
16
Q
Bowel sounds (diaphragm) indicates
A
Borborygmi
17
Q
Sounds in vessels (bell) indicate
A
Vessel Turbulence
18
Q
Tympany during percussion indicates
A
Air (gastric air bubble / gas)
19
Q
Dullness during percussion indicates
A
Tissue / fluid
20
Q
Normal liver size
A
Parasternal - 4-8 cm
Midclavicular - 6-12 cm
21
Q
Star Pattern associated with
A
spleen
22
Q
Palpating liver
A
coastal margin
23
Q
Palpating GB
A
Murphy’s sign
24
Q
Palpate kidney
A
Entrapment, Punch, Jarr
25
Palpate spleen
Pull with left hand
| Push with right hand
26
Shifting dullness
Fluid wave
Puddle sign
Ascites
27
Rovsing
Obturator
Psoas
Blumberg
Appendix
28
Rebound tenderness
Peritonitis
29
Number 1 cause of chest pain
Heartburn
30
Short esophagus or weak diaphragm
Hiatal Hernia
31
Distal narrow esophagus (Scleroderma)
Achalasia
32
Portal Hypertension, Alcoholism, Bulimia
Varices
33
Non-acidic associated with
Esophagitis
34
Acidic associated with
Gastric reflux
35
Substernal Pain, Regurgitation, Heartburn, Dysphagia
Gastric reflux
36
RUQ Organs
Liver
Gallbladder
Kidney
37
Epigastric Organs
Pancreas
| Aorta
38
LUQ Organs
Stomach
Spleen
Kidney
39
RLQ Organs
Appendix
| Ovary
40
Suprapubic Organs
Uterus
| Bladder
41
LLQ Organs
Sigmoid
| Ovary
42
Stomach condition with allergies when acute, decrease in B12 when chronic
gastritis
43
Anemia, burning pain in stomach
Peptic ulcers
44
Unpredictable pain in stomach
Gastric
45
2 hour stomach pain
Duodenal
46
Weight loss, nocturnal pain, unrelieved by medication
Cancer
47
Diagnostic US, amylase/lipase, biopsy, stool, UA, CT, CBC)
pancreas head: emergency
48
Pancreatitis with fever and rigid
Acute
49
Pancreatitis that's quiet with normal labs
Chronic
50
T-10, bruised flanks, fetal position, steatorrhea, jaundice, drinking, smoking
Pancreas head cancer
51
Diabetes with Juvenile <35 thin, insulin dependent
Type 1
52
Diabetes with Older >35 obese, diet controlled
Type 2
53
F's: female, multiparous, GI distress, obese, inferior right scapula, murphy's sign, steatorrhea, jaundice
Cholelithiasis - stones
54
Tender, swollen, boggy liver, IgM
acute hepatitis
55
Non-tender, swollen, boggy liver, IgG
Chronic hepatitis
56
Hepatitis A transmission
oral fecal
57
Hepatitis B and C transmission
blood transfusions
58
Non-tender, variable, hard, symmetrical
Cirrhosis (alcoholic)
59
Non-tender, swollen, hard, lumpy, variable labs
cancer
60
Yellow skin, pale feces, yellow urine
direct, conjugated bilirubin, soluble, post-hepatic
61
Yellow skin, green urine
indirect, unconjugated bilirubin, insoluble, pre-hepatic
62
Spleen enlargement means
Hodgkin's or Mono
63
Test for lysis of RBC's
Coomb's test
64
Imaging options for spleen
CBC, Diagnostic US, Biopsy, CT
65
Labs/Imaging for kidney
IVP, helical CT, UA, creatinine clearance, cystometric, US
66
Fever, Strep, Proteinuria, A cast (RBC), Sore throat, Dentist
Nephritic (infection)
67
```
Hypertension
Edema
Proteinuria (positive UA)
All casts
Meds, swollen
```
Nephrotic (death)
68
Older men, younger females, ascending, E-coli
| Frequency, urgency, burning
Cystitis
69
Painless bleeding, unexplained weight loss
Cancer
70
Painful bleeding, Male, 20 yo, sedentary life style, colicky, writhing pain
Kidney stones
71
Treatment for kidney stones
```
Lithotripsy
Increase fluid
Decrease Vitamin C
Decrease Calcium
Decrease green veggies
```
72
Barium swallow, endoscopy, stool culture
small intestine
73
Barium enema, colonoscopy, stool culture
large intestine
74
Hyperperistalsis, hyperborborygmi
early obstruction
75
Aperistalsis, aborborygmi
late obstruction
76
AKA Regional Iliitis
Skip lesions
Distal ileum (80%)
Narrow lumen (thickening)
Crohn's disease
77
Treatment for Crohn's (regional iliitis)
Restrict raw food
High calories
Adjust
Stool Transplant
78
```
Descending colon
Bloody diarrhea
Mega-colon arthritis
Iritis (uveitis)
Sigmoidoscopy
```
Ulcerative Colitis
79
Treatment for ulcerative colitis
Electrolytes
Avoid milk
Adjust
Stool transplant
80
AKA Spastic Colon, Mucous Colitis
| Alternating constipation and diarrhea
IBS
81
Treatment for diverticulosis
fiber
82
Outpouching
Distal colon
Decrease seeds, popcorn
Increase fluid
Diverticulosis
83
Diarrhea: 2-4 hrs, Staphylococcus
18-24 hrs: Salmonella
Constipation, anxiety, weight loss
Food poisoning
84
Periumbilical pain, McBurney's point, high grade fever, Rebound tenderness
Appendicitis
85
Tests for Appendix
Blumberg's (AKA Rebound Tenderness all 4 quads)
Rovsing's (quick release LLQ only)
Psoas (side lying)
Obturator (supine, 90/90 int/ext rotate hip)
86
Treatment for Appendicitis
ER - rigid abdomen, serum tests, surgery
