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PARA603 > Abdominal Conditions > Flashcards

Abdominal Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

where is the stomach located?

A

left upper quadrant/ epigastric

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2
Q

what is the function of the stomach?

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

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3
Q

where is the liver located?

A

upper right quadrant/ epigastric

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4
Q

what are the 3 functions of the liver?

A

production of bile
regulates chemical levels in blood
aids waste elimination

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5
Q

where is the pancreas located?

A

epigastric

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6
Q

what is the function of the pancreas?

A

making enzymes and hormones

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7
Q

where is the gallbladder?

A

upper right quadrant, next to liver

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8
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

storage of bile

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9
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

upper left quadrant

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10
Q

what is the function of the spleen?

A

blood filtration

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11
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

left and right lumbar/ flank

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12
Q

what is the function of the kidneys? (4)

A

waste removal
control bp
make red blood cells
control ph levels

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13
Q

where is the appendix located?

A

lower right quadrant

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14
Q

where is the bladder located?

A

hypogastric region

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15
Q

what are the 5 abdominal red flags?

A 
sepsis markers
servere pain 
severe vomiting 
dehydration 
significant bleeds
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16
Q

what 6 condition could present as epigastric pain?

A 
gastritis 
GORD 
pancreatitis 
barrets 
oesophageal varicies 
oesophagitis
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17
Q

what is the gastritis?

A

inflamed stomach lining following damage by toxic substances.

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18
Q

what are the 4 symptoms of gastritis?

A

indigestion
during stomach
nausea
feeling full

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19
Q

what is GORD? (gastric oesophageal reflux disease)

A

chronic acid reflux, occurs when stomach acid leaks up the oesophagus due to weak sphincters

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20
Q

what are the 4 symptoms of GORD?

A

acid reflux 2x weekly
bad breath
bloating
oesophagitis

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21
Q

what is pancreatitis?

A

inflammation of the pancreas. caused by gallstones (acute) or excess alcohol consumption (chronic)

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22
Q

what are the 3 symptoms of pancreatitis?

A

severe epigastric pain radiating into back
temperature
diarrhoea

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23
Q

what is Barretts?

A

serious complication of GORD. stomach acid damages the smooth muscle which causes it the grow abnormally.

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24
Q

what are the symptoms of Barretts?

A

none specific

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25
Q

what is oesophageal varicies?

A

enlarge viens in the oesophagus, often linked to liver disease. when the blood flow to liver is restricted, the blood flows into smaller vessels causing enlargement

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26
Q

what are the symptoms of oesophageal varicies?

A

none until rupture then cat heam

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27
Q

what is oesophagitis?

A

inflammation of oesophagus caused by GORD and chronic acid reflux.

28
Q

symptoms of oesophagitis (4)

A

dysphagia
acid reflux
food impaction
chest pain post eating

29
Q

what are the 4 possible causes of R hypochondriac pain?

A

hepatic issues
cholecystitis
cholangitis
biliary colic

30
Q

what are the 5 symptoms of hepatic issues?

A

jaundice
itchy skin
dark urine
pale stool

31
Q

what is cholecystitis?

A

inflammation of gallbladder usually caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct

32
Q

what are the 5 symptoms of cholecystitis?

A 
sharp constant pain 
temperature 
N and V 
sweating 
abdo distension
33
Q

what is cholangitis?

A

inflammation of bile ducts that transport bile around. usually caused by gallstones blocking ducts

34
Q

what are 4 symptoms of cholangitis?

A

temperature
jaundice
clay stools
hypotension

35
Q

what is bilary colic?

A

pain associated with gallstones passing

36
Q

what are the 3 conditions associated with L hypochondriac pain?

A

pancreatitis
splenic rupture
splenic abscess

37
Q

what are the 5 symptoms of splenic rupture?

A 
shock 
tachycardia 
hypotension 
bruising over spleen 
reduced gcs
38
Q

what is a splenic abscess?

A

usually form as a result of bacteria infection or endocarditis

39
Q

what are the 3 symptoms of splenic abscess?

A

shoulder tip pain
palatable mass
infection markers

40
Q

what are the 3 conditions linked to R or L lumbar pain?

A

renal colic
kidney infection
ulcerative colitis

41
Q

what is renal colic?

A

pain associated with kidney stones as they pass, goes away once passed

42
Q

what is a kidney infection?

A

upper UTI causes by bacteria entering urine tract

43
Q

what are 5 symptoms of kidney infection?

A 
flank pain 
temperature 
changes to urine frequency 
dysuria 
hematuria
44
Q

what is ulcerative colitis?

A

idiopathic bowel disease that causes ulcers and inflammation to colon. when who digestive system is effected called chrons disease

45
Q

what are 3 symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

A

diarrhoea
increased bowel movements
blood in stool

46
Q

what are 7 conditions associated with hypogastric pain?

A 
bowel obstructions
gastroenteritis 
AAA
lower UTI 
STI 
PID 
ectopic pregnancy
47
Q

what are 5 symptoms of bowel obstruction?

A 
cramping 
bloating 
dehydration 
constipation 
lack of appetite
48
Q

what is gastroenteritis?

A

inflammation of digestive system can be either bacterial or viral

49
Q

symptoms of gastroenteritis? (2)

A

diarrhoea and vomiting

50
Q

what is a AAA?

A

bulge or swelling of aortia. caused by lifestyle choices (smoking)

51
Q

symptoms of AAA? (2)

A

lower back pain

pulsating abdo

52
Q

what is a STI?

A

sexually transmitted infected by skin-to-skin contact

53
Q

what is PID?

A

pelvic inflammatory disease, infection of reproductive organs

54
Q

what are 3 symptoms of PID?

A

painful sex
heavy periods
unusal discharge

55
Q

what are 4 symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?

A

pregnancy symptoms
shoulder tip pain
unilateral abdo pain (tube)
vaginal bleeding

56
Q

what is an appendicitis?

A

swelling or rupture of appendix due to obstruction

57
Q

3 symptoms of appendicitis?

A

umbilical pain moving to R iliac
rebound tenderness
mcburneys and Rosvings signs

58
Q

what is diverticulitis?

A

infection of diverticula caused by obstruction

59
Q

what are diverticula?

A

sac-like pushes that form in small intestines as a result of chronic constipation

60
Q

what is an ovarian cyst? what can it cause?

A

fuild filled sac that grows on either ovary idiopathic cause. irregular periods

61
Q

What is McBurney’s point

A

3.8–5.1 cm from the navel to the right boney hip. indicates appendicitis

62
Q

what is Rovsing’s sign?

A

when pressing on left lumbar region causes pain in R (appendicitis)

63
Q

what is grey-tuners sign?

A

bruising to flanks sometimes pancreatitis

64
Q

what is cullens sign? what are 2 causes?

A

oedema and bruising to umbilical area. pancreatitis or hepatic issues

65
Q

what is Murphys sign? what does it mean?

A

pain under r rips when taking a deep breath in. gallstones

PARA603 (9 decks)

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