Abdominal Conditions Flashcards
where is the stomach located?
left upper quadrant/ epigastric
what is the function of the stomach?
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
where is the liver located?
upper right quadrant/ epigastric
what are the 3 functions of the liver?
production of bile
regulates chemical levels in blood
aids waste elimination
where is the pancreas located?
epigastric
what is the function of the pancreas?
making enzymes and hormones
where is the gallbladder?
upper right quadrant, next to liver
what is the function of the gallbladder?
storage of bile
where is the spleen located?
upper left quadrant
what is the function of the spleen?
blood filtration
where are the kidneys located?
left and right lumbar/ flank
what is the function of the kidneys? (4)
waste removal
control bp
make red blood cells
control ph levels
where is the appendix located?
lower right quadrant
where is the bladder located?
hypogastric region
what are the 5 abdominal red flags?
sepsis markers servere pain severe vomiting dehydration significant bleeds
what 6 condition could present as epigastric pain?
gastritis GORD pancreatitis barrets oesophageal varicies oesophagitis
what is the gastritis?
inflamed stomach lining following damage by toxic substances.
what are the 4 symptoms of gastritis?
indigestion
during stomach
nausea
feeling full
what is GORD? (gastric oesophageal reflux disease)
chronic acid reflux, occurs when stomach acid leaks up the oesophagus due to weak sphincters
what are the 4 symptoms of GORD?
acid reflux 2x weekly
bad breath
bloating
oesophagitis
what is pancreatitis?
inflammation of the pancreas. caused by gallstones (acute) or excess alcohol consumption (chronic)
what are the 3 symptoms of pancreatitis?
severe epigastric pain radiating into back
temperature
diarrhoea
what is Barretts?
serious complication of GORD. stomach acid damages the smooth muscle which causes it the grow abnormally.
what are the symptoms of Barretts?
none specific
what is oesophageal varicies?
enlarge viens in the oesophagus, often linked to liver disease. when the blood flow to liver is restricted, the blood flows into smaller vessels causing enlargement
what are the symptoms of oesophageal varicies?
none until rupture then cat heam
what is oesophagitis?
inflammation of oesophagus caused by GORD and chronic acid reflux.
symptoms of oesophagitis (4)
dysphagia
acid reflux
food impaction
chest pain post eating
what are the 4 possible causes of R hypochondriac pain?
hepatic issues
cholecystitis
cholangitis
biliary colic
what are the 5 symptoms of hepatic issues?
jaundice
itchy skin
dark urine
pale stool
what is cholecystitis?
inflammation of gallbladder usually caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct
what are the 5 symptoms of cholecystitis?
sharp constant pain temperature N and V sweating abdo distension
what is cholangitis?
inflammation of bile ducts that transport bile around. usually caused by gallstones blocking ducts
what are 4 symptoms of cholangitis?
temperature
jaundice
clay stools
hypotension
what is bilary colic?
pain associated with gallstones passing
what are the 3 conditions associated with L hypochondriac pain?
pancreatitis
splenic rupture
splenic abscess
what are the 5 symptoms of splenic rupture?
shock tachycardia hypotension bruising over spleen reduced gcs
what is a splenic abscess?
usually form as a result of bacteria infection or endocarditis
what are the 3 symptoms of splenic abscess?
shoulder tip pain
palatable mass
infection markers
what are the 3 conditions linked to R or L lumbar pain?
renal colic
kidney infection
ulcerative colitis
what is renal colic?
pain associated with kidney stones as they pass, goes away once passed
what is a kidney infection?
upper UTI causes by bacteria entering urine tract
what are 5 symptoms of kidney infection?
flank pain temperature changes to urine frequency dysuria hematuria
what is ulcerative colitis?
idiopathic bowel disease that causes ulcers and inflammation to colon. when who digestive system is effected called chrons disease
what are 3 symptoms of ulcerative colitis?
diarrhoea
increased bowel movements
blood in stool
what are 7 conditions associated with hypogastric pain?
bowel obstructions gastroenteritis AAA lower UTI STI PID ectopic pregnancy
what are 5 symptoms of bowel obstruction?
cramping bloating dehydration constipation lack of appetite
what is gastroenteritis?
inflammation of digestive system can be either bacterial or viral
symptoms of gastroenteritis? (2)
diarrhoea and vomiting
what is a AAA?
bulge or swelling of aortia. caused by lifestyle choices (smoking)
symptoms of AAA? (2)
lower back pain
pulsating abdo
what is a STI?
sexually transmitted infected by skin-to-skin contact
what is PID?
pelvic inflammatory disease, infection of reproductive organs
what are 3 symptoms of PID?
painful sex
heavy periods
unusal discharge
what are 4 symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?
pregnancy symptoms
shoulder tip pain
unilateral abdo pain (tube)
vaginal bleeding
what is an appendicitis?
swelling or rupture of appendix due to obstruction
3 symptoms of appendicitis?
umbilical pain moving to R iliac
rebound tenderness
mcburneys and Rosvings signs
what is diverticulitis?
infection of diverticula caused by obstruction
what are diverticula?
sac-like pushes that form in small intestines as a result of chronic constipation
what is an ovarian cyst? what can it cause?
fuild filled sac that grows on either ovary idiopathic cause. irregular periods
What is McBurney’s point
3.8–5.1 cm from the navel to the right boney hip. indicates appendicitis
what is Rovsing’s sign?
when pressing on left lumbar region causes pain in R (appendicitis)
what is grey-tuners sign?
bruising to flanks sometimes pancreatitis
what is cullens sign? what are 2 causes?
oedema and bruising to umbilical area. pancreatitis or hepatic issues
what is Murphys sign? what does it mean?
pain under r rips when taking a deep breath in. gallstones
