Abdomen Flashcards
Regio Abdomen
1. REGIO HYPOCHODRIACA DEXTRA 2. REGIO EPIGASTRICA 3. REGIO HYPOCHONDRIACA SINISTRA 4. REGIO LUMBALIS DEXTRA 5. REGIO UMBILICALIS 6. REGIO LUMBALIS SINISTRA 7. REGIO INGUINALIS DEXTRA 8. REGIO PUBICA 9. REGIO INGUINALIS SINISTRA
landmark for 9 regions
- Midclavicular line
- Subcostal plane
- Transtubercular plane
Langmark for quadrant patterns
- Midsternal/median plane
* Transumbilical plane
pembagian abdominal wall
• ANTERIOR WALL
LATERAL WALL
• POSTERIOR WALL
ABDOMINAL CAVITY
The abdominal wall enclosed the abdominal cavity • The abdominal cavity form the major part of the abdomino - pelvic cavity (the combined and continuous abdominal and pelvic cavities) • Lined with peritoneum, a serous membrane
isi abdominal cavity
• HOLLOW ORGANS : – ESOPHAGUS ( ABDOMINAL PART ) – GASTER/STOMACH – INTESTINUM TENUE/SMALL INTESTINE – INTESTINUM CRASSUM/LARGE INTESTINE • GLANDS : – HEPAR / LIVER – PANCREAS • RETICULO ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM : LIEN/SPLEEN
abdominal wall layers
1. CUTIS/SKIN UMBILICUS STRIAE ALBICANS/GRAVIDARUM 2. SUBCUTIS - LAMINA SUPERFICIAL: FASCIA CAMPER - LAMINA PROFUNDUS : FASCIA SCARPA 3. MUSCULATUR /MUSCLES a. LATERAL : M. OBLIQUUS EXTERNUS ABD M. OBLIQUUS INTERNUS ABD M. TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS b. VENTRAL: M. RECTUS ABDOMINIS M. PYRAMIDALIS 4. FASCIA TRANSVERSA ABDOMINIS 5. PERITONEUM PARIETALE
Function of the anterolateral
abdominal muscles
• Protect the abdominal viscera from injury
• Compressing the abdominal viscera to
maintain or increase intra abdominal
pressure (respiration, coughing, defecation,
micturition, vomiting, parturition )
• Produce anterior and lateral flexion of the
trunk, rotatory movement of the trunk and
help maintain posture
upper two third of rectus sheath
Anterior layer, formed by
The external abdominal and internal abdominal
oblique aponeurosis
Posterior layer, formed by
The internal abdominal oblique and transverse
abdominal aponeurosis
lower one third
Anterior layer, formed by :
The aponeurosis of all three lateral muscles
Posterior layer : absent, transversalis fascia and
parietal peritoneum to cover the rectus
abdominis posteriorly
Arcuate line often demarcates the transition
between the posterior rectus sheath proximally
and the transversalis fascia covering the inferior one third
pembagian musculus abdominal
• Muscular part
• Aponeurosis part → serat jaringan
ikat putih yang menempel ke otot
atau tulang
isi rectus sheath
- M. Rectus abdominis
- M. Pyramidalis
- VASA epigastric superior & inferior
linea alba adalah
bagian lamina anterior dan posteior dari rectus sheath yang menyatu
innervasi dinding abdomen
- INTERCOSTALIS 6 – 11
- SUBCOSTALIS
- ILIOHYPOGASTRICUS
- ILIOINGUINALIS
vaskularisasi dinding abdomen
- A/V EPIGASTRICA SUPERF.
- A/V CIRCUMFLEXA ILIUM SUPERF
- A/V EPIGASTRICA INFERIOR
- A/V EPIGASTRICA SUPERIOR
- A/V MUSCULOPHRENICA
- A/V LUMBALIS
- A/V INTERCOSTALIS
- A/V CIRCUMFLEXA ILIUM PROF.
LYMPH DRAINAGE :
SUPERIOR TO UMBILICUS LNN.AXILLARIS SUPERFICIALIS INFERIOR TO UMBILICUS LNN.SUBINGUINALIS TRACTUS HORIZONTALIS
Fossa Peritoneale
Supravesical fossa
Between the median and the medial umbilical
fold
Medial inguinal fossa
Between the medial and the lateral umbilical
fold, area also commonly called inguinal
triangles (Hesselbach triangles ). These are
potential sites for direct inguinal hernias.
Lateral ingunal fossa
Lateral to the lateral umbilical fold, there is
deep ingunal rings, potential sites for indirect
ingunal hernia
struktur khusus
Canalis Inguinalis & Feniculus Spermaticus
dinding Canalis Inguinalis
• Dinding-dinding :
• Anterior : aponeurosis M. Obliquus externus abdominis & M. Obliquus
internus abdominis
• Posterior : fascia transversa
• Inferior : ligamen inguinale & lacunare lig.
• Superior : laterally : transversalis fascia
Centrally : musculoaponeurotic arches of
internal oblique & transverse abdominal
muscle
Medially : medial crus of the ext. oblique
aponeurosis
celah diantara 2 cincin
- Annulus inguinalis superficialis
* Annulus inguinalis profundus
isi Canalis Inguinalis
- Berisi :
- Pria → feniculus spermaticus & N. Ilioinguinalis
- Sering terjadi hernia di canalis karena resistensi jaringan yang rendah
- Wanita → ligamen teres uteri & N. Ilioinguinalis
- Jarang terjadi hernia karena celah sempit
isi Funiculus Spermaticus
- Ductus deferens
- A. Spermatica externa & interna
- A. Ductus deferens
- Plexus vena pampiniformis
- Plexus nervosus
- Limfatik
3 lapisan pembungkus Funiculus Spermaticus
• Fascia spermatica interna → berasal dari Fascia transversa abdominis
• Fascia cremasterica/ M. Cremaster → berasal dari M. Obliquus internus abdominis
• Fascia spermatica externa → berasal dari aponeurosis M. Obliquus externus
abdominis
Peritoneum/tunica serosa
- Membran serous dari stratum mesothelium dan kolagen
- Terdiri dari
- Lamina parietalis → melapisi dinding abdomen
- Lamina visceralis → melapisi viscera
- Di antara 2 lamina ada space → greater sac → berisi cairan peritoneal
- Fungsinya
- Mengurangi gesekan organ
- Tempat cadangan lemak
- Lokalisir infeksi
- Absorpsi larutan (injeksi intraperitoneal)
- Inervasi mengikuti dinding abdomen
