ABD II test 1 review questions

Question 1

Fatty infiltration
when will it be observed
what diseases

Answer 1

cirrosis
hepatitis
metastases

Question 2

What are sonographic findings of acute hepatitis

Answer 2

-may appear normal
-portal vein borders more prominent
-parenchyma slightly more echogenic
-attenuation
-hepatosplenomegaly is present
-thickened gallbladder wall
page 236

Question 3

Bud chairi

Answer 3

caused by thrombosis of hepatic veins or IVC pg 246

Question 4

echinococcal cyst

where are they most common

Answer 4

common in sheep herding area of the world

it is a tape worm pg 255

Question 5

Most common benign tumor of the liver

Answer 5

cavernous hemangimona pg 256

Question 6

What benign liver tumor is found in people with glycogen storage disease

Answer 6

hepatic adenomas pg 239

Question 7

Patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma are likely to have had what

Answer 7

cirrhosis
hepatitis B and C
a palpable mass
hepatomegaly
appetite disorder
fever
page 259

Question 8

Most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver

Answer 8

METS ? i googled it, maybe metastatic desease

Question 9

In severe hepatocellular destruction the AST and ALT levels will be what

Answer 9

elevated pg 217

Question 10

Elevation of the alk phos is associated with what

Answer 10

intra or extra hepatic obstruction
hepatic carcinoma
abscess
cirrhosis
pg 218

Question 11

Elevation of serum biliruben results in what

Answer 11

excessive amount of red blood cell destruction
malfunction of liver cells
blockage of ducts leading from cells
pg 218

Question 12

Typical symptom a patient may have with abcess formation

Answer 12

fever
elevated white cell count
right upper quadrant pain
pg 253

Question 13

What tumor has large blood filled spaces

Answer 13

cavernous hemangioma

pg 256

Question 14

Dilated intrahepatic ducts may be seen with what

Answer 14

common duct stricture
extrahepatic mass
passive hepatic congestion

Question 15

What benign liver tumor is located by the free edge of the liver, well described and solitary

Answer 15

focal nodular hyperplasia ? pg 258

Question 16

Common malignancy that involve the pediatric population

Answer 16

hepatoblastoma pg 694

Question 17

An older man has hist of alcoholism, diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, hematocric and ?hypotensive? levels decreases, whats happening

Answer 17

hemorrhagic pancreatitis ? pg 318

Question 18

patient with painless jaundice weight loss, and loss of appetite, what do they have

Answer 18

metastatic disease pg 257

Question 19

A serum _______level of twice normal shows acute pancreatitis

Answer 19

amylase

pg 311

Question 20

Normal signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis

Answer 20

-sudden onset of moderate to severe abdominal pain with radiation to the back
-nausea and vomiting
-history of gallstones localized or alcoholism
-mild fever
-elevated pancreatic enzymes in blood amylase and -lipase
-leukocytosis (elevated WBC count)
-ABD distention
pg 318

Question 21

Most common cause of pacreatitis in U.S.

Answer 21

alcoholism

Question 22

A condition that causes increase secretion of abnormal mucus of exocrine glands

Answer 22

cystic fibrosis

Question 23

appearance of acute pancreatitis

Answer 23

-normal to enlarged size focal/diffuse
-hypoechoic texture (edema)
-borders distinct but irregular
-enlargement of head causes depression on IVC
-40% to 60% have gallstones
-pancreatic duct may be enlarged
-parapancreatic fluid collections
pg 318

Question 24

appearance of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 24

• gland is small and fibrotic
• irregular borders
• mixed echogenicity
• dilated pancreatic duct (string of pearls sign w/ dilated duct)
• look for calculi within duct

Question 25

Orthotopic

Answer 25

In the normal or usual position.

Question 26

How many liver transplants are performed each year

Answer 26

5000

Question 27

complications of liver transplants

Answer 27

• hepatic artery thrombosis
• hepatic artery stenosis
• infection or fluid collections
• portal vein stenosis
• portal vein thrombosis

Question 28

complications of renal transplants

Answer 28

• renal artery stenosis
• renal artery thrombosis
• primary renal vein thrombosis
• secondary renal vein thrombosis
• hematoma
• urinoma
• lymphocele
• abscess

Question 29

What does ESRD stand for

Answer 29

End Stage Renal Disease

Question 30

Which kidney is more likely to be used from the doner (given)

Answer 30

Left

Question 31

Sonographic appearance of a kidney that’s failing

Answer 31

• enlargement and decreased echogenicity of the pyramids
• hyperechogenic cortex
• localized area of renal parenchyma, including both the cortex and the medulla presenting an anechoic appearance
• distortion of the reanal outline caused by localized areas of swelling involving both the cortex and the pyramids
• patchy sonolucent areas involving both cortex and medulla with coalescence on follow up studies

Question 32

Whats ATN (disease process)

Answer 32

acute tubular necrosis

occurs as a medical complication after loss of blood supply to the transplant tissue. This can occur in the donor before the kidney is harvested, during the process of harvesting, preserving, and transportation, during surgery or as a result of poor circulation after the transplant

It is associated with prolonged severe ischemia

Question 33

appearance of long standing renal rejection

Answer 33

2 patterns:
-a normal sized renal transplant with very little differentation between parenchymal and renal sinus echoes

-a small kidney with irregular margins and an irregular parenchymal echo pattern