Aaron Jennings Unit 9 Vocap Flashcards
The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month
Embryo
The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth
Fetus
Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
Teratogens
Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial mis proportions
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants game familiarity with repeated exposure to visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner
Habituation
Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
Maturation
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Cognition
Concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Schema
Interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas
Assimilation
Adapting our current understandings to incorporate new information
Accommodation
In the piagets theory, the stage from birth to about two years of age during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Sensorimotor stage
The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
Object permanence
In Piagets theory, the stage from two to about six or seven years of age during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Preoperational stage
The principle that or properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Conservation
In piagets theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another point of view
Egocentrism
Peoples ideas about their own and others’ mental states about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict
Theory of mind
The stage of cognitive development from about six or 7 to 11 years of age during which children game the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Concrete operational stage
The stage of cognitive development normally beginning about age 12 during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Formal operational stage
A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others states of mind
Autism
The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning about eight months of age
Stranger anxiety
And emotional tie with another person; showing in younger children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation
Attachment
Optimal period Shortly after birth one in organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
Critical period
A process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
Imprinting
Persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Temperament
According to Erick Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; so to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
Basic trust
Understanding and evaluation of who we are
Self-concept
In psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
Gender
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
Aggression
The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have 2X chromosomes; males have one. On X-chromosome from each parent produces a female
X chromosome
A sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with the X-chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child
Y chromosome
The most important of male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone and mails stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Testosterone
A set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Role
Set of expected behaviors for males or females
Gender roles
Our sense of being male or female
Gender identity
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
Gender typing
Theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social learning theory
The transition. From childhood to adult food, extending from puberty to independence
Adolescence
The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
Puberty
The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
Primary sex characteristics
Non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
Secondary sex characteristics
The first menstrual period
Menarche
Our sense of self; according to Ericsson, the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
Identity
Though we aspects of our self-concept; the parts of our answer to who am I that comes from our group memberships
Social identity
And Ericksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood
Intimacy
For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid 20s, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood
Emerging adulthood
The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
Menopause
A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
Cross-sectional study
Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
Longitudinal study
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Crystallized intelligence
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
Fluid intelligence
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage marriage and retirement
Social clock
The fertilized egg; it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
Zygote
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan.
Developmental psychology
