Aaron Jennings Chapter 10 Vocab

Question 1

And psychoanalysis, A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Answer 1

Free association

Question 2

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Answer 2

Psychoanalysis

Question 3

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

Answer 3

Unconscious

Question 4

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

Answer 4

Id

Question 5

Do you largely cautious, executive part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, super ego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the ids desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

Answer 5

Ego

Question 6

The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations

Answer 6

Super ego

Question 7

The childhood stages of development during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Answer 7

Psychosexual stages

Question 8

According to Freud, a boy sexual desires toward his mother and feeling of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Answer 8

Oedipus complex

Question 9

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents values into their developing super egos

Answer 9

Identification

Question 10

According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts are unresolved

Answer 10

Fixation

Question 11

And psychoanalytic theory, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Answer 11

Defense mechanisms

Question 12

And psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing the thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Answer 12

Repression

Question 13

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated

Answer 13

Regression

Question 14

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety arousing unconscious feelings

Answer 14

Reaction formation

Question 15

Psychoanalytic defense Mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Answer 15

Projection

Question 16

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

Answer 16

Rationalization

Question 17

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening to object or person, as when redirecting anger towards a safer outlet

Answer 17

Displacement

Question 18

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

Answer 18

Sublimation

Question 19

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities

Answer 19

Denial

Question 20

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

Answer 20

Collective unconscious

Question 21

A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger protection of one’s inner dynamics

Answer 21

Projective test

Question 22

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interest through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Answer 22

Thematic apperception test

Question 23

The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeking to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Answer 23

Rorschach ink blot test

Question 24

A theory of death related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of the impending death

Answer 24

Terror management theory

Question 25

According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential

Answer 25

Self actualization

Question 26

According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance towards another person

Answer 26

Unconditional positive regard

Question 27

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, and answer to the question, who am I

Answer 27

Self-concept

Question 28

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as sussed by self-report inventories and peer reports

Answer 28

Trait

Question 29

A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

Answer 29

Personality inventory

Question 30

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality test. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes

Answer 30

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

Question 31

Hey test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Answer 31

Empirically derived test

Question 32

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people traits and their social context

Answer 32

Social-cognitive perspective

Question 33

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Answer 33

Reciprocal determinism

Question 34

The extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

Answer 34

Personal control

Question 35

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

Answer 35

External locus of control

Question 36

The perception that you control your own fate

Answer 36

Internal locus of control

Question 37

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

Answer 37

Positive psychology

Question 38

In contemporary psychology, assume to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Answer 38

Self

Question 39

Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

Answer 39

Spotlight affect

Question 40

One's feelings of high or low self-worth

Answer 40

Self-esteem

Question 41

And readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Answer 41

Self-serving bias

Question 42

Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Answer 42

Individualism

Question 43

Giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly

Answer 43

Collectivism

Question 44

And individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Answer 44

Personality