Aani Micro: Influenza

Question 1

What are the names of the glycoproteins on the influenza virus?

Answer 1

Haemgluttinin and Neuraminidase

Question 2

Which sialic acid receptor does human influenza virus bind to?

Answer 2

Alpha 2,6

Question 3

Which enzyme cleaves the current strains of human influenza haemagglutinin?

Answer 3

Clara Tryptase

Question 4

Which enzyme cleaves the influenza haemagglutinin H5 and H7?

Answer 4

Furin

Question 5

What are the steps to allow virals to successfully enter and activate?

Answer 5

1. binding to Sialic acid sugar receptors
2. Entry via endosomal envelope fusion
3. Activation via clara tryptase cleavage

Question 6

What does amantadine target in the treatment of influenza?

Answer 6

M2 ion channel

Question 7

How do you get resistance to amantadine?

Answer 7

M2 mutation to S31N

Question 8

Which drug blocks the M2 ion channel?

Answer 8

Amantadine

Question 9

Name some neuraminidase inhibitors?

Answer 9

Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Sialic Acid

Question 10

Which mutation gives you increased risk of severe H1N1?

Answer 10

IFITM3 mutation

Question 11

Haemagglutin binds which receptors?

Answer 11

Sialic Acid

Question 12

Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) and Relenza (Zanamivir) are inhibitors of what?

Answer 12

Neuraminidase

Question 13

The influenza vaccine is composed in part of a purified fraction of which part of the inactivated virus?

Answer 13

Neuraminidase

Question 14

The avian influenza subtype currently widely distributed in wild birds with some propensity to infect mammalian species contains which neuraminidase?

Answer 14

N1

Question 15

What is the difference between antigenic drift and antigenic shift?

Answer 15

Drift is where the RNA viruses accumulate mutations to survive
Shift is where the RNA viruses switch RNA with animals to create new strands

Question 16

Where is Clara tryptase produced?

Answer 16

In the lung

Question 17

The current influenza vaccine contains antigens representing which influenza strains?

Answer 17

H1N1 & H3N2 & Influenzavirus B

Question 18

Which Influenza strain is seen in pigs, seals and horses

Answer 18

H7N7

Question 19

Also known as ‘bird flu’, a strain of this subtype has a 50% mortality rate in humans

Answer 19

H5N1

Question 20

What is the H and N composition of swine flu?

Answer 20

H1N1

Question 21

This type of influenza virus is the most virulent and causes the most severe disease

Answer 21

Influenza A