Aani Micro: GI & UTIs Flashcards
Where does Salmonella Multiply?
In the Peyer’s Patch
Tx of Salmonella?
Cefriatone
What special sign do you get with Salmonella?
Rose Spots
What are 3 types of salmonella?
Typhi
Paratyphi
Enteritides
Which people get Giardia?
Travellers/hikers
MSM
Mental hospital
Playgroup
Describe Giardia ?
Pear shaped trophozoites with 2 nuclei (found in stool)
Describe the symptoms of Giardia?
Non-bloody but SMELLY diarrhoea
Which groups get Entamoeba hystolica?
MSM
Describe Entamoeba hystolica?
4 nuclei
Tx of entamoeba?
Metronidazole
Tx of Giardia ?
Metronidazole
Which stain do you do for cryptosporidium? What do you see?
Modified Kinyoun acid fast: see oocytes
Tx for cryptosporidium?
Paromomycin
Viral causes of GI disease?
RAN PE Rotavirus Adenovirus Norovirus Polio Enterovirus
What kind of diarrhoea is caused by viruses?
Secretory
Describe rotavirus?
Secretory
Wheel like
Seen in kids <6y/o
Describe adenovirus?
Secretory
Seen in kids<2y/o
Types 40 and 41
Describe norovirus?
Secretory
Adults
Low infection dose needed
Which toxins are seen in Vibrio Cholera?
Enterotoxin A and B subunits invade the small bowel
Describe symptoms of Vibrio Cholera?
MASSIVE watery diarrhoea/secretory
Rice water stool
Caught from shell fish/human faeces
Treatment of Vibrio Cholera?
Dupportive/rehydration
Which vibrios are there?
Cholera
Parahaemolyticus
Vulnificus
Treatment of different Vibrio types?
Cholera - supportive
Parahaemolyticus - Doxy
Vulnificus - Doxy
Where is Vibrio parahaemolyticus found?
Oyesters/sea food- common in Japan
What is the shape of Vibrio?
Comma Shaped
What is the shape of Listeria monocytogens?
L and V
louis vitton has listeria
Describe the symptoms of campylobacter?
Headache/fever prodrome
Bloody diarrhoea
+ foul smelling
Which conditions are associated with campylobacter?
GBS Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
What is the Tx of Campylobacter?
Cipro/Erythro
What is the tx of Listeria?
Ampicillin
Which GI infections are anaerobic?
Clostridium: Difficult Breathing Pattern:
Clostridium Difficile
Botulinum
Perfringes
Which GI infections are aerobic?
Bacilus Cereus
Staph A
Which GI infections are lactose fermenting?
E.Coli 5 types; EHEC HUS ETEC EPEC EIEC
Which GI infections are non lactose fermenting?
Yes Sir Salmon
Yersinia
Salmonella
Shigella
Which strain of E.Coli causes haemorrhagic E.Coli?
0157
Which strain of E.Coli causes HUS?
0157:H7
Describe B.Cereus
Gram positive rods
Superantigen
Watery diarrhoea
Self limiting
Describe Staph A
Protein A Gram positive tetrads B haemolytic in agar Watery diarrhoea Self Limiting
Describe Shigella?
Bloody diarrhoea
Shiga enterotocin makes O antigens
Describe botulinum?
Blocks Ach release so paralytic: descending paralysis (unlike GBS which is ascending)
Ingestion of pre-formed toxins
Treatment for botulinum?
Antitoxins
Treatment for C.Diff?
ORAL Metronidazole or Vanc
Treatment for Perfringes?
Self limiting or bowel resection
Describe Yersinia?
Prefers cold temps- refrigerated food, below 4 degrees
Why do you get C.Diff?
Often cos of Abx - especially 3Cs:
cephalosporins, clindamycin and Ciprofloxacin. This happens cos C.Diff already exists in normal gut flora
What are the symptoms of C.Diff?
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Gram stain of MRSA?
Neg
Gram stain of E.Coli?
Neg
Common organisms that cause hosp acquired UTIs?
E.Coli Proteus Klebsiella Pseudomonas Stephylococcus Saprophyticus
When will you categorise something as hospital acquired infection?
If they get it more than 48 hours after hospital admission
Investigating UTIs?
Urine dip: will show leucocytes and nitrates
Do MSU
Pyuria (pus in urine)
Treatment of UTIs?
Trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
OR if pyelonephritis: Co-Amoxiclav + Gentamycin
What gram stain organisms usually cause UTIs?
gram Neg Rods
