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Biochemistry > AA Metabolism I/II > Flashcards

AA Metabolism I/II Flashcards

1
Q

What is a key transport form of Nitrogen?

A

Glutamine

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2
Q

Most Amino groups harvested from AA are converted to ______ though the ______ cycle.

A

Urea

Urea

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3
Q

Purpose of Alanine aminotranferase?

A

Catalyzes the transfer of of the amino group of ALANINE to Alpha-ketoglutarate

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4
Q

What coenzyme plays a key role in AA degradation?

A

Pyridoxal Phosphate

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5
Q

What happens after Citrulline leaves the Mitochondrial matrix?

A

It condenses with ASPARTATE to form Argininosuccinate

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6
Q

AA degraded to Pyruvate, Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Succinyl CoA, Fumarate, or OAA are termed _____ ?

A

Glucogenic

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7
Q

Carbamoyl Phosphate reacts with ____ to begin the Urea Cycle?

A

Ornithine

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8
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the formation of ALA?

Where is it the enzyme present?

A

ALA Synthase

Present in the Mitochondria

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9
Q

What happens after Urea is produced from the Hydrolysis of Arginine?

A

It gets Excreted

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10
Q

Citrulline is Produced where?

Does it stay there?

A

In the Mitochondrial matrix

NO, it gets transported into the cytoplasm

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11
Q

What is the first step in the Biosynthesis of Porphyrins?

A

The Condensation of Glycine and Succinyl CoA to form Alpha-Aminolevulinate (ALA)

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12
Q

Production of Nitric Oxide

Precursor and Enzyme

A

Produced from Arginine

Catalyzed from NO Synthase

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13
Q

Fxn of ·NO

A

Vasodilation

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14
Q

Glutathione Peroxidase fxn?

A

The enzyme that catalyzes the peroxide detoxification.

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15
Q

What AA is a precursor of Serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

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16
Q

Alpha-Amino groups are converted to ______ by the oxidative deamination of ______?

A

Ammonium

GlutaMATE

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17
Q

What AA is a precursor of Epinephrine?

A

Tyrosine

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18
Q

Carbamoyl Phosphate if produced what two reactants?

A

CO2 + NH4+

Or

HCO3- + NH3

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19
Q

What AA is the precursor of Histamine?

A

Histidine

20
Q

What enzyme synthesizes the formation of Carbamoyl Phosphate?

A

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase I

21
Q

AA degraded to ACoA or Acetoacetyl CoA are termed _____ because they give rise to _______?

A

Ketogenic

Ketone Bodies or FA

22
Q

What enzymes catalyze the transfer of an alpha-amino group to what kind of acid?

A

Aminotransferases
(Transaminases)

Alpha-KETOacid

23
Q

Aside from Arginine, what are required for the synthesis for ·NO?

A

NADPH and O2

24
Q

Carbamoyl Phosphate reacts with Ornithine to produce _______?

The rxn is catalyzed by what enzyme?

A

Citrulline

Ornithine Transcarbamoylase

25
Q

The nitrogen atom from Glutamate is converted into _____ by the enzyme _____?

A

Free Ammonium

Glutamate Dehydrogenase

26
Q

Why is Glutamate Dehydrogenase so unusual?

A

Because it can utilize either NAD+ or NADP+

27
Q

Alanine + Alpha Ketoglutarate yields what products?

A

PYRUVATE and Glutamate

Think “PAL”

28
Q

What AA is a precursor to Sphingosine?

A

Serine

29
Q

Reaction to produce Ammonium

A

AA ——> Glutamate

Glutamate ——> Ammonium

30
Q

What element is associated with Glutathione Peroxidase?

A

Selenium

31
Q

Components of Glutathione?

A

Gamma-Glutamate

+

Cysteine

+

Glycine

(GCG)

32
Q

Glutamate Dehydrogenase is inhibited by _____ and is stimulated by ______?

A

Inhibited by GTP

Stimulated by ADP

33
Q

Urea is synthesized from what two Nitrogen sources?

A

Aspartate

&

Free NH4+

34
Q

Aspartate + Alpha Ketoglutarate yields what products?

A

Oxaloacetate and Glutamate

Think “OX ASs”

35
Q

What is the rxn of the enzyme Argininosuccinase?

A

Aka Argininosuccinate Lyase

Cleaves AS into ARGININE and FUMARATE
- Fumarate leave the cycle

36
Q

What AA is a precursor of the Nicotinamide unit of NAD+?

A

Tryptophan

37
Q

What AA is a precursor of Thyroxine?

A

Tyrosine

38
Q

What is the purpose of the production of Fumarate?

A

Precursor for Glucose synthesis.

39
Q

What is the Committed reaction of the Urea Cycle?

A

The formation of Carbamoyl Phosphate

40
Q

Purpose of Aspartate Aminotransferase?

A

Catalyzes the transfer of the amino group of Aspartate to Alpha-Ketoglutarate

41
Q

The purpose of the enzyme Arginase?

A

To hydrolyze Arginine to generate UREA and Ornithine

42
Q

The carbon sources of AA come from what Pathaways?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. PPP
  3. TCA
43
Q

Role of Glutathione

A

Serves as a sulfhydryl buffer and an Antioxidant

44
Q

The production of Argininosuccinate is catalyzed by what enzyme?

What is the energy source?

A

Argininosuccinate Synthase

ATP ——> AMP

45
Q

All defects in the Urea Cycle can lead to what disease?

A

Hyperammonemia

- elevated level of NH4+ in the BLOOD

46
Q

Degradation of Heme

What energy source is required?

A

Heme ——>BiliVERDIN
———> BiliRUBIN

NADPH is used for both rxns

47
Q

What happens after Ornithine is produced from the Hydrolysis of Arginine?

A

It gets shuttled back into the Mitochondrial matrix

Biochemistry (12 decks)

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