A7 ; GU System Flashcards
function of the kidney
electrolyte & fluid balance
filter the blood
which nodes drain lymph from kidneys
para-aortic
drainage of gonad veins ; L&R
R; IVC
L; renal vein first
nerve fibres travelling to bladder always
pelvic splanchnic nerves
which kidney is more inferiorly located
R kidney
epithelial lining of ureter
transitional epithelium ; stratified columnar ?
bladder
- male; recto vesicle pouch ?
- female ; vesico & recto pouch ;
- pouch between the bladder & rectum
- females ; VESICO; extension of peritoneal cavity and anterior wall of uterus
RECTO -uterine ; extension of PC and post Wall of uterus
Structures touching the kidneys - anterior and posterior
posteriorly; look at diagram in workbook
- psoas major
- quadratus lumborum
- aponeurosis of transverses abdominis
ribs 11 & 12 but just rib 12 for right kidney as its more inferior
anteriorly ;
RHS; liver, duodenum, transverse colon ; hepatic flexure
LHS; stomach, spleen, tail of pancreas (right in middle), jejunum & splenic flexure
hilum of kidney ; order of structures there from anteroposteriorly (front to back)
VAP; renal vein, artery , pelvis
by what mechanism are the contents of the ureter transferred
peristalsis
when are the ureters narrowest
whats the clinical significance of these narrowings
- uteropelvic junction
- pelvic brim
- when ureter enters the bladder
CS; this is where a stone is most likely to get trapped
anterior & posterior relations to bladder in males and females
EPitheliAL lining of bladder
MALE
Ant; pubic symphysis
post; anus
FEMALE
Ant; pubic symphysis
post; uterus, vagina, cervix - VULVA ?
- transitional epithelium ; stratified columnar epithelium
bladder
- muscles name them
detrusor
internal sphincter
external sphincter - VOLUNTARY
EXPLAIN why urination occurs or doesn’t occur using the muscles of the bladder
Urination;
- detrusor CONTRACTS to push all the urine out
- internal sphincter relaxes but at this stage EXTERNAL SPHINCTER is still constricted
occurs by PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION
- somatic motor innervation needed for ES to open
- Ach travels down puedenal nerve - binds to a nicotinic receptor and the ES relaxes ; urine can flow
NO URINATION ; RETENTION
- detrusOR muscle relaxes and so it can hold a lot of urine
- internal spincter contracts - no urine can flow
- occurs by SYMPATHETIC innervation
in a male what lies between the internal and external sphincter muscles
PROSTATE GLAND
MALE urethra
- preprostatic
- prostatic
- membranous or intermediate
- spongy/penile
pubic symphysis is what type of joint
secondary cartilaginous or symphysis
the true or false pelvis articulates with the sacrum
true or inferior one
differences between male and female pelvis
1) females acetabulum are wider apart and face more medially
2) the ischium bones are further apart in females; oval shape created
males ; inlet to outlet ; gets narrower so its heart shaped
3) greater sciatic foramen is greater in females
pelvic floor muscles
look at cadaver images
- levator ani
- coccygeus (most posterior)
- piriformis
- obturator internus
via what foramen does the piriformis exit the pelvic cavity
- greater sciatic foramen & it occupies most of its volume
perineal membrane splits into 1 & 2
what structures pass through it
structures of 2 split;
- anterior urogenital canal
- posterior anal canal
- urethra (& vagina in females )
- anal aperture-opening of anus
- external anal sphincter
- ischioanal fossa
puedenal nerve ;
- identify on cadavers
- spinal roots
- what structures receive motor innervation from this nerve
- what does this nerve supply sensory innervation to
- how does it exit the pelvis
- enter the perineum
- what 2 things is it associated with regarding the pelvis
- cadaver book
- s2-s4
- most pelvic organs
- bladder ; visceral afferent ; tells the brain the bladder is full
- greater sciatic foramen
- lesser sciatic formamen
- sacrotuberous ligament & isichial spine
internal puedenal artery is a branch of
internal iliac artery
