A6 - GI system

Question 1

abdominal quadrants - name 2 lines that separate quadrants

Answer 1

transumbilical - horizontal

median saggital plane - vertical

Question 2

abdomen - 9 regions

Answer 2

L & RHS

• hypochondrium
• flank
• groin

MIDDLE ;

• epigastic
• umbilical
• suprapubic

Question 3

peritoneum is composed of what lining

Answer 3

mesothelial - simple squamous epithelium

Question 4

intra peritoneal organs mnemonic

retro peritoneal organs mneomnic

Answer 4

intra; 
SALTD SPRSS
- Stomach 
- Appendix
- Liver
- Transverse colom 
- Duodenum 

• Small intestine ; jejunum & ileum
• Pancreas
• Rectum (only 3rd part)
• Spleen
• S??

retro; 
SAD PUCKER; 
- Suprarenal glands 
- aorta/IVC 
- duodenum - rest of it 

• Pancreas
• Ureters
• Colon - ascending and descending
• Kidneys
• Eosophagus
• Rectum

Question 5

IVC is on what side of body

Answer 5

RHS

Question 6

duodenum wraps around ;

Answer 6

pancreas

Question 7

pancreas exocrine & endocrine secretion;

Answer 7

EXO; pancreatic enzymes
ENDO; glucagon and insulin

hint ; X; P is furtehr on un alphabet than N

Question 8

small bowel refers to?

function

Answer 8

small intestine

f; chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 9

great mesentery carries

Answer 9

mesenteric arteries and veins , AN fibres & lymph

Question 10

where does the hepatic portal vein get its blood from

Answer 10

GI tract and spleen

Question 11

from which branch of the aorta do the hepatic arteries arise from

Answer 11

AORTA

Question 12

SPLEen function

Answer 12

filters blood blood by removing red blood cells

Question 13

spleen lies between which ribs

Answer 13

9-12 on LHS

Question 14

DERMATOME vs MYOTOME

Answer 14

D; area of skin supplied by one single spinal nerve

M ; group of muscles that a single spinal nerve innervates

Question 15

pain from stomach referred to what region

2) DECENDING COLON

Answer 15

• EPIGASTRIC

- INGUINAL CANAL

Question 16

inguinal ligament attachments

Answer 16

ASIS to pubic TUBERCLE

Question 17

LIVER has 2 blood supplies

Answer 17

hepatic portal vein - deoxygenated blood

hepatic arteries - oxygenated blood

Question 18

ABDOMINAL wall layers from superficial to deep

Answer 18

• skin
• superficial fascia
• muscles; external, internal obliques and trasversalis abdominis
• fascia (trasversali???)
• parietal peritoneum

Question 19

inguinal ligament is formed by ?

Answer 19

external oblique aponeurosis

Question 20

what structures run deep to inguinal ligament

Answer 20

• psoas major
• iliacus
• femoral sheath ; VAN & lymph

Question 21

learn about inguinal canal with images

Answer 21

ASAP

Question 22

INGUINAL canal openings can be found where?

Answer 22

deep ring/opening ; transversalis fascia
superficial ring ; external oblique aponeurosis

check this ?

Question 23

what passes through inguinal canal

Answer 23

males ; spermatic cord

females ; round ligament of uterus

Question 24

displacement of organs to unusual positions is called ?

Answer 24

HETEROTOPIA

Question 25

QUADRATUS lumborum function

Answer 25

extension & lateral flexion of vertebral column ie spine

Question 26

branches of abdominal aorta

Answer 26

major; coeliac trunk, SMA & IMA

minor ; find mnenomic in notes

Question 27

IVC tributaries

Answer 27

hepatic portal vein

find the rest in notes

Question 28

where does hepatic portal vein drain

Answer 28

IVC

Question 29

TEETH

Answer 29

• incisors ;8
• canines ;4
• premolars ;8
• molars ;12 including 4 wisdom teeth

Question 30

palates; what bones form them?

Answer 30

HARD; palatine process of MAXILLA & horizontal plane of PALLATINE bone

soft; purely muscular

Question 31

arches in the mouth ;
anterior ;
posterior ;

what lymphoid tissue is found between the 2 arches

Answer 31

ant; PALLATOGLOSSEUS muscle
post; PALLATOPHARYNGEUS muscle

? find out !

Question 32

salivary glands
- look up diagram

parasymp innervation to;

• parotid gland
• submandibular gland
• sublingual gland

Answer 32

• PG; CN 9 ; GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
• SM; CN 7 ;FACIAL
• SL ; CN7 ; FACIAL

Question 33

what type of epithelium lines oesophagus

2) stomach

Answer 33

• stratified squamous

2) ; mesothelial - simple squamous

Question 34

stomach diagram - structure

Answer 34

• oesophagus & gastro - oesphgeal junction
• fundus
• body
• pylorus

Question 35

greater momentum 
lesser omentum 
- attachments 
- functions 
- how many layers 

great mesentery attatchments
- What does it carry

Answer 35

G0; greater curvature of stomach to traverse colon
stores fat and prevents spread of disease

L0; lesser curvature of stomach to liver

layers ; 4 ; 2 parietal, 2 visceral

GREAT MESENTERY ; small intestine i.e. jejenum TO posterior abdominal wall

carry? mesenteric arteries, veins, AN fibres & lymph

Question 36

major duodenal papilla

Answer 36

opening of pancreatic duct into duodenum

Question 37

into which structure does chyme in the ileum pass next

Answer 37

CECUM

Question 38

sigmoid mesocolon ?

Answer 38

?

Question 39

function of large intestine

Answer 39

• absorb water from indigestible food matter

- transmit waste material from body

Question 40

TAENIAE COLI

Answer 40

?

Question 41

body of pancreas is posterior to what organ

Answer 41

STOMACH

Question 42

WHAT IS LIVER RELATED TO SUPERIORLY

Answer 42

?