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Anatomy : FOM > A3 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

A3 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Trachaea bifurcates at what level

A

T4/5 IVD

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2
Q

If something travels down trachea where is it likely to go next, R or L bronchus

A

R bronchus

Deviates way less than L

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3
Q

Bronchus order

A

Primary/principal
Lobar
Segmental

Increase in smooth muscle, decrease in cartilage

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4
Q

Pleura

  • what’s is made of
  • layers names
  • how to identify on cadavers
A
  • mesolthelial lining : simple squamous epithelium
  • parietal : cervical, costal, diaphragmatic & mediastinal
    & : visceral
  • vv shiny surface
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5
Q

Localised vs referred pain - innervation??

A

L: somatic
R: autonomic

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6
Q

Diaphragm superior view

A

Picture it
- 3 big sections - one most anterior is tendonous center with sternal diaphragm surrounding it & phrenic nerve

other 2 : R&L lobes
r overlies liver
L overlies spleen

  • IVC
  • Oesophagus
  • Aorta
  • Azyogus vein
  • spinal cord
  • vertebrae
  • Pericardium?
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7
Q

Muscles of respiration

  • Accesory MOR
A

Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles

  • BACK muscles like erector spinal, Lats , Trapezius
  • ## NECK muscles like sternocleidomastoid
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8
Q

Cadaver lateral vs medial views

A

LaterAl
- will start at lateral aspect and go in towards midline
Eg foot : late view will start at 5 th metatarsal

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9
Q

Traçhaea has what lining?

A

Respiratory or :

Pseudostratofied , columnar., ciliated epithelium

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10
Q

How are lungs attached to mediatstinum

A

Only by HILUM

LUNGS ARENT PART OF MEDIASTINUM I THInk??

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11
Q

Haemo thorax
Nemo thorax
Haemo nemo thorax

A

Blood in pleural cavity
Air In PC
Blood and air in PC

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12
Q

HILUM of lung is not ?

What does it contain ?

A

Covered by pleura

Bronchus. PA & PV

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13
Q

3 structures that pass through diaphragm and at what levels

A

IVC -T8
Oesophagus - T10
Aorta - T12

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic

C345

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15
Q

Mediastinal contents

A
  • Superior - trachea & Oesophagus & phrenic nerve
  • Middle : heart & phrenic nerve
  • Anterior : thymus gland??
  • Posterior : Oesophagus and intercostal VAN, symapathetiv chain , azogous vein (which drains into SVC)
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16
Q

Trick learning intercostal muscle s

A

External - direction is hands in pocket

Internal : butterfly - other direction

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17
Q

Which arteries supply lung tissue with oxygenated blood

A

Bronchial arteries from Aorta

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18
Q

Angle of Louis??

A

Sternal angle

Manubriosternal joint

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19
Q

Diaphragm is made of??

What does it separate

A

Central tendon & peripheral muscle

Abdominal & thoracic cavities

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20
Q

What lies between internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles

A

Neurovascular bundle

VAN !!

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21
Q 
How do the following muscles help in respiration??
1. Scalene 
2 Sternocleidomastoid 
3. Pec major 
4. Erector spinal muscles
5. Quadratus lumborum 
6. Abdominal Muscles
A 
1. Raises ribcage 
2 raises ribcage 
3. Expands ribcage when arms are in fixed position 
4. Extends spine allowing ribcage to expand fully 
5. Fixes lower part of ribcage 
6. Compress abdominal organs 
Push them up vs diaphragm 
Reduces Thoracic volume
22
Q

Insert needle:

A

INFERIORLY to ribs always

to avoid damaging the structures in the costal groove

23
Q

Where does lymph in the thoracic duct re enter the circulatory system

A

@ venous angle

Which is where the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein meet

24
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Does is appear in posterior mediastinal wall also???

25
Q

Where would u find hyoid bone

A

Surrounds epiglottis I think ?

26
Q

Tracheal rings are made of?

Function?

A
  • C shaped hylaline cartilage

- protection - prevents collapsing

27
Q

Trachaelis muscle :
Type of muscle?
Supplied by which nervous system
Function

A
  • smooth muscle
  • ANS - parasympathetic innervation by vagus ( but want more info about this )
  • constricts the trachea – allows air to be expelled with more force
28
Q

How does pleura aid respiration

A
  • Pleural cavity contains pleural fluid
  • helps two layers (parietal & visceral ) to slide over eachother
  • creates surface tension - thorax expands– allows lungs to also expand
29
Q

Revision : blood supply to lung tissue itself is :

A

Oxygenated blood by bronchial arteries which come from Aorta

30
Q

Thoracic inlet border

  • what vessels pass through it ?
  • other structures that pass through it ( structures and nerves)
A

Manubrium
1st pair of ribs
T1

Internal thoracic vessels

Structures: trachaea, orsophagus, apex of lungs, thoracic duct !NB

Nerves: vagus & recurrent laryngeal nerves, phrenic, sympathetic trunks ,

Other : lymph nodes, & lymphatic nerves

31
Q

What lies at T1 level (structure)

A

Oesophagus

32
Q

Describe lymphatic drainage of the lungs

A
  • Hilar lymph nodes
  • tracheobronchial lymph nodes
  • then right lymphatic duct (RLung) or thoracic duct (LLung)
33
Q

Sternum : Structure

A

Manubrium
Sternal body
Xiphoïd process

34
Q

What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint

What No. rib articulates with it

@ what vertebral level is it at?

A
  • symphysis
  • 2nd rib
  • T4/5
35
Q

Typical ribs

A

Ribs 3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Head : 2 facets : 1 for articulation with corresponding vertebrae - other for articulation with rib superior to it

Neck

Neck and body : TUBERCLE - articulates with transverse process of corresponding vertebrae

Costal groove is within shaft - contains VAN structure

36
Q

Atypical ribs

A

Unusual : 1,2,10,11,12
1 : shorter & wider - only 1 facet for articulation with corresponding vertebrae

2 : taller & thinner

10: only 1 facet for articulation with corresponding vertebrae

11/12 : No neck , only 1 facet for articulation with corresponding vertebrae

37
Q

True ribs

False ribs

A

1-7
Actually attach to sternum anteriorly

8-10
Attach to costal cartilage anteriorly

11-12
Floating ribs - no anterior attachment

38
Q

Where would u insert a needle into the thorax ?

Inferior or superior ??

A

????

39
Q

Which part of rib articulates with the body of the vertebrae

A

LaterAl?

Or are we talking about the 2 facets that articulate with corresponding & superior vertebrae???

40
Q

Costal margin is at what level

A

T7-10 ( ribs medial border)

41
Q

Function of diaphragm

A

Contracts
Thoracic volume decreases
Air is drawn into the lungs

42
Q

How do rectus abdominis and abdominal oblique muscles assist respiration

A

Forceful expiration
Compress abdominal organs
Push them up vs diaphragm,
Reduces thoracic volume

43
Q

Breasts contain what type of tissue

A

Adipose and glandular tissue

44
Q

Thoracic duct

  • structure goes from ( levels )
  • contain?
  • where does it drain?
A

Neck to T12

Chyle & emulsified fats

3/4 quadrants - eventually drains into venous circulation via subclavian veins at venous angle

45
Q

Cisterna Chyli

A

Most common drainage trunk of the body’s lymphatics

46
Q

Vagus & phrenic nerves
- branches

  • does it pass ant or post to HILUM of long
A

V: pulmonary, oesophageal, recurrent laryngeal & cardiac

P: ??

Vagus: POSTeriorly
Phrenic : ANTeriorly

47
Q

How to identify vagus nerve on cadavers

A

Go to Oesophagus - find a nerve
Follow it superiorly, behind the bronchus
Will see a PLEXUS
Passes subclavian VESSELS & Aorta and neck
VAGUS

48
Q

How to identify phrenic nerve on cadavers

A

Go to superior surface of DIAPHRAGM

49
Q

Fibrous pericardium attaches to?

A

Central tendon of diAphragm

50
Q

Function of intercostal muscles

A

Maintain integrity of thoracic wall

Anatomy : FOM (11 decks)

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