A1 : Tissues and terminology

Question 1

Cervical vertebrae features

Answer 1

7

Triangular shaped vertebral for amen

Spinous process bifurcates - v small

2 transverse foramen within transverse process

ONLY C HAS T.FORAMEN !!!

C1 : ATLAS
C2 : AXIAL
C7 : spinous process X1 only - No bifurcation

Question 2

Thoracic vertebrae features

Answer 2

12

Circular vertebral foramen

Vvvv long spinous process

Transverse process

2 demi facets for articulation
with head of respective & inferior RIB

Facet that articulates with rib tubercle

Question 3

Lumbar vertebrae features

Answer 3

5

Triangular vertebral foramen. (Ish!!)

Large vertebral body

Transverse process

BUT: No SP, costal facets

Question 4

Circumduction

Answer 4

Flexion
Extension
AB & ADduction

Question 5

Plantarflexion

Answer 5

Flexion

Toes : down

Question 6

Dorsiflexion

Answer 6

Extension

T0es : Up

Question 7

Ulnar deviation

Answer 7

Ulnar flexion

Fingers move towards ulnar bone ie to Little finger

Question 8

Radial deviation

Answer 8

Radial flexion

Fingers move toward radius bone - near thumb

Question 9

Median

Answer 9

@ midline ??

Question 10

Palmar vs dorsal

Answer 10

?

Question 11

Dorsal & Ventral

Answer 11

D: posterior
V: anterior

Question 12

Cranial & caudal

Answer 12

Cranial is towards HEAD

causal is away from head

Question 13

Rostral

Answer 13

Anterior usually talking about nasal cavity & mouth

Question 14

Anatomical planes name & describe

Answer 14

• Coronal or frontal
  Slice through body with 2 eyes always seen
• Saggital
  Slice through body with only one eye ever seen

-Transverse/Axial/Horizontal
Cross section eg of thigh ( figure out diff compartments)

Question 15

Intermuscular septa

Answer 15

Fascia between muscle groups

Question 16

Different types of JOINTS

Answer 16

FIXED
- Sutures : flat bones of skull
- Gomphoses : found were teeth fit into socket up and down ( maxilla & mandible )
- Syndemoses : found between interosseous membrane
Eg middle radio ulnar joint & tibio-fibulae joint

CARTILAGINOUS
- Primary : SYNCHONDROSES

Can be immovable or slightly movable
Only TEMPORARY joints
Form between diaphysis and epiphysis of long bones

-Secondary : SYMPHYSIS

Slightly movable
Eg pubic symphysis & manubriosternal joint

SYNOVIAL

• hinge
• ball & socket : femur & acetabulum
• plane
• pivot
• saddle
• condyloid

Question 17

Haematopoeisis

Answer 17

Production of blood cells in red marrow

Question 18

Where would u find red marrow in an adult?

Answer 18

Flat notes: sternum, shoulder blade (scapula) skull

Question 19

Types of bones

Answer 19

Long 
Short 
Flat 
Irregular 
Seasamoid

Question 20

Tendons function

Answer 20

Connect muscle to bone

Optimisé muscle position and length

Question 21

Ligaments

Answer 21

Join bone to bone

Stabilise joints

Question 22

Skin: name of layers

• what it contain
• type of tissue is it made of?

Answer 22

From superficial to deep
EPIDERMIS
- contains NO blood vessels
- keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

DERMIS

• contains : blood vessels, nerves , hair , glands
• dense connective tissue

HYPODERMIS

• aka: superficial fascia ; subcutaneous tissue
• blood vessels, nerves , lymphatics & adipose cells
• loose CT

Question 23

Arteries veins & nerves identification

Answer 23

Arteries : thicker walls, paler in colour, more round shape

Veins & nerves; flatter & darker