A2- Fats and Oils Flashcards

1
Q

What is are cis fats?

A

where the H are on the same sides of the double bond

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2
Q

What are trans fats?

A

where the H atoms are on different sides of the double bond

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3
Q

Describe the VDWs forces between cis and trans fats?

A

cis; are weaker as bulkier molecules, so cannot pack as close together

trans; longer and flatter, so stronger VDWs

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4
Q

What is the difference between fats and oils?

A

fats = saturated hydrocarbons so stronger VDWs so are often
solid
oils = unsaturated hydrocarbons so weaker VDWs therefore are liquid

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5
Q

Describe fats/oils in water

A

tend to be insoluble

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6
Q

What can the glycerol combine with?

A

OH groups from carboxylic acids

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7
Q

Finish the equation:
oils + methanol

A

(NaOH/KOH catalyst) -> methyl esters and glycerol

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8
Q

What is biodiesel?

A

a mixture of methyl ester fatty acids used as an alternative to traditional fuels

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9
Q

What process produces biodiesel?

A

transesterification

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10
Q

Why is transesterification used to produce biodiesel?

A

low temperature and pressure, 98% yield

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11
Q

Finish the equation:
fat/oil + 3NaOH

A

-> glycerol and sodium salt

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12
Q

What can be used to catalyse transesterification?

A
  • An acid works by protonating the carbonyl group
  • An alkali works by deprotonating the alcohol / methanol
  • However, it is more common to use an alkaline catalyst such as NaOH / KOH
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