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Organic Chemistry > A2- Acyl Chlorides > Flashcards

A2- Acyl Chlorides Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure of acyl chlorides?

A

RCOCl

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2
Q

What is an acyl chloride an example of?

A

acid derivative

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3
Q

What reactants are used to make acyl chlorides?

A

COOHs and SOCl2 (sulfur dichloride oxide)

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4
Q

What is produced in the formation of acyl chlorides?

A

–> acyl chloride + SO2 + HCl (g)

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5
Q

Why are the products of the reaction forming acyl chlorides not pure? How can they be purified?

A

as one reactant has to be in excess
purify by distillation

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6
Q

What cannot be present in the formation of acyl chlorides?

A

WATER

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7
Q

What reactions do acyl chlorides undergo?

A

addition-elimination

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8
Q

What is always produced in addition-elimination reactions of acyl chlorides?

A

HCl gas (H comes from OH group, Cl comes from acyl chloride)

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9
Q

Write the general equation for the reaction between an acyl chloride and water

A

acyl chloride + water –> carboxylic acid + hydrogen chloride gas

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10
Q

Write the general equation for the reaction between an acyl chloride and ethanol

A

acyl chloride + ethanol –> (ethyl X) ester + hydrogen chloride gas

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11
Q

Write the general equation for the reaction between an acyl chloride and concentrated NH3

A

acyl chloride + ammonia –> amide + hydrogen chloride gas

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12
Q

Write the equation for the reaction between an ethanoyl chloride and CH3NH2

A

ethanoyl chloride + CH3NH2 –> N-methylethanamide + HCl

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13
Q

What is formed when reacting an acyl chloride with a primary amine?

A

N-substituted amide

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14
Q

What is observed when acyl chlorides react?

A
  • white misty fumes
  • vigorous reaction
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15
Q

What mechanism do acyl chlorides react by?

A

nucleophilic addition-elimination

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16
Q

Why are acid anhydrides prefered over acyl chlorides when forming esters/in reactions in industry?

A
  • acyl chlorides produce toxic HCl gas
  • cheaper, less reactive, reactions more easily controlled
  • by products are carboxylic acids

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