A1 Quiz Flashcards
what is a open system
one that allows energy and matter to cross systems boundrys (enter and exit)
ex: earth
what is a closed system
one that allows energy (not matter) to cross the boundary
what is ecology
study of relashionships and interactions betweens organisms and their enviornment
takes into account: living and nonliving compents
what are the 3 parts of the bioshphere
lithosphere- land, solid outer layer of the earth
hydrosphere- water, found in liquid, vapour and ice total amount of water on planet
atmosphere- layers of gasses surrounding the plant
what happens to energy that comes into earth
99.9% of energy on planet is from the sun
51% is absorbed by earth’s surface
19% is absorbed by atmosphere and clouds
30% is reflected from cloud, dust and water and land at earth’s surface
1%-2% is captured by producers on land and in the ocean
what is albedo
amount of energy reflected by clouds, water and land
dark- low albedo
light surface- high albedo
what is photosyntheisis
producers convert radient energy into chemical enegry
uses suns energy to create their own food (autotrophs)
6CO2 + 6H20 + radient energy
——-> C6H12O6 + 6O2
what is chemosynthesis and formula
different kind of producer
in absence of light takes molecules from earths crust in deep sea levels uses chemicals such as methane and sulfur
CO2 + 4H2S+O2 —–> CH2O + 4 S + 3H20
celluar respiration
consumers convert chemical energy into ATP
ATP is burned to transform into useable energy such as kinetic and thermal, also reffered to as hetertrophs
producers also do celluar resp
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6H20 + 6CO2 + ATP
what are the different types of consumers
primary- eats plants
secondary- mainly eats herbavors
tertiary- true conivors
decomposers- organisms that recylce and absorb leftwater waste and materials
what is fermentation
in enviornemnts without oxygen (anaerobic), some hetertrophs ( bacteria) are able to perform celluar respiration with no oxygen
this is how we get wine, yogurt and bread
what are trophic levels
refers to the different feeding levls in an ecosystem
1st level provides all the chemical energy required to fuel the other levels
all remaning levls consist of consumers
decompsoers feed at any level
how is energy transfered amoung trophic levels
their is less energy avaiable to do useful work through each energy conversion
- energy lost does not dispear but is rather converted to useable form
largest amount of energy is found within the first trophic level meaning less and less energy is available to higher trophic levels, organisms at the top of the food chain must eat far more
what are food webs
show direct and indirect relashionships amoung species
most accurate reflection of a ecosystem as they alow us to show how some organsims feed at multiple levels
arrows point in the direction of energy flow PREY TO PREDATOR
Pyramid of numbers
beacuse more energy is avaliable to lower trophic levels the number of producers often outnumber the amount of consumers
each bar represnts number of organisms in each trophic level
although number of producers does not always outnumber for example forest only a certain number of trees but far more insects living)
