A-philosophical Underpinnings

Question 1

Description

Answer 1

Accurately, describing observations that enhance the understanding of a phenomenon
P. 3

Question 2

Prediction

Answer 2

A secondary level of scientific understanding that occurs when repeated observations of two events correlate
P. 3

Question 3

Control

Answer 3

Highest level of scientific understanding, established through experimentation, confirming that manipulating one event results in a reliable change in the other event.
P. 4

Question 4

Selectionism

Answer 4

Anything that evolves does so bc of the consequences of the behavior.
P. 33
(Behaviors are selected based on environmental factors)
There are 3 ways behaviors are selected (phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and cultural)

Question 5

Phylogenic

Answer 5

Selection by natural EVOLUTION of species P. 33

Question 6

Ontogenic

Answer 6

Selection due to interactions with the environment
P. 33
Selection by consequences (reinforcement and punishment)

Question 7

Cultural

Answer 7

Behavior is passed from one person to the next (imitation/modeling)

Question 8

Determinism

Answer 8

The universe is lawful and orderly. Things do not happen accidentally. Things happen for a reason.
Things occur as the result of other events.
P. 4
Ex. There is an explanation for a vase, falling off the shelf, even though no one was around.

Question 9

Empiricism

Answer 9

Objective observation of events that are based on data not thoughts or feelings.
P. 4
Ex. Recording duration data to empirically determine the length of a behavior. 

Question 10

Parsimony

Answer 10

The simplest and most logical explanation should always be considered first.
P. 6
Ex. There is a simple explanation for why your mom did not call you back last night. 

Question 11

Pragmatism

Answer 11

Analyze outcomes and procedures based on results. Were the results useful or not? Intervention should produce meaningful outcomes and evaluated on those outcomes.
P. 12
Ex. Treatment plan should be databased and individualized. Don’t just use what worked in the past evaluate intervention based on the client.

Question 12

Methodological Behaviorism

Answer 12

Does not consider private events in the analysis of behavior.
P. 13

Question 13

Radical Behaviorism

Answer 13

Considers both private and public events when analyzing behavior.
P. 13

Question 14

Circular reasoning

Answer 14

Attempts to use the cause to explain the effect and the effect to circle back to the cause.
Ex.  John can’t read because of his learning disability. Because of John’s learning disability, he can’t read.

Question 15

Hypothetical construct/explanatory fictions

Answer 15

A possibly existing but at the moment an unobserved processor entity (ex. Feelings)
P. 12

Question 16

Behaviorism

Answer 16

The philosophy of behavior. There is an explanation for behavior as results of interactions between individuals and the environment.
P. 7
Ex. The client didn’t tantrum because they were “mad”. The tantrum was a result of environmental/individual interaction

Question 17

 experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)

Answer 17

The study of behavior principles to be later used outside of the experimental setting. Not applied research.
P. 11
Ex. You work a lot with rats you do operant behavior research on the rats, but don’t apply the research outside of the lab.

Question 18

applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Answer 18

Applying behavior principles in offices, clinics schools on human subjects.
P. 14
Ex. You are studying the facts of punishment on your RBTs
Ex. Examined effects of extinction on your client screaming

Question 19

Practice guided by behavior analysis

Answer 19

The interventions that result from behaviorism, EAB, and ABA Intervention.
Ex. The actual intervention used in the real world. (What RBTs do)

Question 20

Applied

Answer 20

Applying changes that are positive and socially significant in a persons life.
P. 16
Ex. Someone learns to dress themselves.

Question 21

GET A CAB

Answer 21

Generality
Effective
Technological
Applied
Conceptually systematic
Analytic
Behavioral

Question 22

Analytic

Answer 22

A functional relationship is demonstrated between the environmental change (intervention) and the behavior.
P. 16
Ex. Your DRA intervention controls the current and non-occurrence of certain behaviors.

Question 23

Behavioral

Answer 23

Behavior must be observable and measurable.
P. 16

Question 24

Conceptually systematic

Answer 24

Intervention should be consistent with behavior principles
P. 17
Ex. You want to teach your child how to imitate. Design your intervention so that it is consistent with basic behavior principles.

Question 25

Effective

Answer 25

There must be a significant and socially important level of change the behavior. (Actually making the change)
P. 17
Ex. You increase your clients ability to adjust themselves to a point where they can do it fully independently.

Question 26

Generality

Answer 26

The target behavior should change, not only in the learning environment, but outside the learning environment as well.
P. 18

Question 27

Technological

Answer 27

Procedures are identified and described with sufficient detail and clarity.
P. 17