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Anatomy & Physiology 1 - MT > A&P1 - LP#8/9 > Flashcards

A&P1 - LP#8/9 Flashcards

Structure of the skin Accessories of the skin Function of the skin Sensation Appearance

1
Q

_________ is also known as the cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

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2
Q

__________ is the largest organ in the body in surface area and weight

A

Skin

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3
Q

The skin has TWO main parts:

A
  1. Epidermis (superficial)
    • Thin: composed of epithelial tissue
  2. Dermis (deep)
    • Thicker connective tissue
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4
Q

______________ is a third unofficial layer of the skin that is deep to the dermis (but is not a part of the skin)

A

Subcutaneous Layer

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5
Q

This structure of the skin is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Keratinized - tough fibrous intercellular protein that helps protect skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals.

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

There are FIVE distinct cellular layers of the epidermis:

A
  1. Stratum Basale - Deepest Layer
  2. Stratum Spinosum - Superficial to the Stratum Basale
  3. Stratum Granulosum - Mid-layer, between Stratum Spinosum and Stratum Lucidum (undergoing apoptosis)
  4. Stratum Lucidum - Present only in thick skin such as fingertips, palms, etc.
  5. Stratum Corneum - 25-30 layers of flattened dead cells
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7
Q

This structure of the skin is composed of strong connective tissues with collagen and elastic fibres - network of fibres - great tensile strength (resists pulling and stretching forces).
Blood vessels, nerves, glands and hair follicles are embedded in this layer.
This layer is essential to the survival of the epidermis - form many important structural and functional relations between layers

A

Dermis

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8
Q

There are TWO main groups of the Dermis

A
  1. Papillary Region

2. Reticular Region

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9
Q

This accessory structure of the skin is present on most surfaces of the skin except the palms, palmar surfaces of the fingers, the soles, and the plantar surfaces of the feet.
In adults, it is predominant in the scalp and head, axilla and external genitalia.
Provides limited protection; guards scalp from injury and sun light; protects eyes, nose and ears from foreign matter; sensing light touch.

A

Hair

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10
Q

The proper anatomical term for hair is __________

A

Pili

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11
Q

This accessory structure of the skin consists plates of tightly packed, hard, dead keratinized epidermal cells that form a clear solid covering of the digits.

A

Nail

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12
Q

This accessory structure of the skin contains epithelial cells that secrete substances such as oil, sweat or ear wax.

A

Skin Glands

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13
Q

What are the THREE exocrine glands associated with the skin?

A
  1. Sebaceous (oil) Glands
  2. Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
  3. Ceruminous (ear wax) Glands
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14
Q

This glands are simple, branched acinar glands that are attached to hair follicles. The secreting portion lies in the dermis and usually opens into the neck of the hair follicle. They secret an oily substance called sebum

A

Sebaceous Glands

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15
Q

What are FOUR functions of Sebaceous Glands?

A
  1. Coats the surface of hair and keeps them from drying and becoming brittle.
  2. Prevents excessive evaporation of water from skin
  3. Keeps skin soft and pliable
  4. Inhibits growth of some bacteria.
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16
Q

The cells of these glands release sweat or perspiration, into the follicles or onto skin surfaces through pores. These glands are divided into two groups: Eccrine and Apocrine.

A

Sudoriferous Glands

17
Q

This type of sudoriferous (sweat) gland is distributed througout the skin of most regions of the body. Not present in lips, nail beds, glans penis, glans clitoris, and eardrums. It functions to help regulate temperature through evaporation - as sweat evaporates, large quantities of heat leave the body surface.

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

18
Q

This type of sudoriferous (sweat) gland is mainly found in the skin of the axilla (armpit), groin, areola of breasts bearded regions on adult male faces. Secretions done by exocytosis. Secretory portion located mostly in the subcutaneous layer; ducts open into hair follicles. Consists of the same components as eccrine but with addition of lipids and proteins. Oderless, however smells when in contact with bacteria. Function: Emotional sweating, sexual activity, no role in thermoregulation.

A

Apocrine Sweat Glands.

19
Q

This type of sudoiferous (sweat) gland is a modified sweat gland in the external ear and produces a waxy lubericating secretion. It’s secretory portion - like in the subcutaneous layer - is deep to subaceous glands. Excretory ducts open directly on the surface of external auditory canal or into ducts of sebaceous glands.
With ear hairs, it functions to provide a sticky barrier that impedes the entrance of foreign matter and insects. Waterproofs the canal and prevents bacteria and fungi to enter cell.

A

Ceruminous Glands

20
Q

the homeostatic regulation of body temperature; skin contributes in TWO ways by liberating sweat at its surface and adjusting the flow of blood in the demis

A

Thermoregulation

21
Q

The dermis houses an extensive network of blood vessels that carries _______________ of total blood flow in a resting adult - therefore, skin acts as a reservoir.

A

8-10%

22
Q

There are several components in the skin that provide protection. __________ protects underlying tissue from microbes, abraision, heat and chemical

A

Keratin

23
Q

There are several components in the skin that provide protection. __________ provide water resistance; guards againsts dehydration; retard re-entry of water during showers

A

Lipids

24
Q

There are several components in the skin that provide protection. __________ keeps skin/hair from drying out

A

Sebum

25
Q

There are several components in the skin that provide protection. ______________ retards growth of some microbes

A

Acidic pH of Perspiration

26
Q

There are several components in the skin that provide protection. ____________ provides shield against UV light

A

Melanin

27
Q

There are several components in the skin that provide protection. __________ & ___________ are a part of the bodies immune response.

A

Langerhan & Macrophages.

Anatomy & Physiology 1 - MT (8 decks)

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