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Anatomy & Physiology 1 - MT > A&P1 - LP#1 > Flashcards

A&P1 - LP#1 Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy - Chemical Level

1
Q

The biological study of structure and organization of the human body is?

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The study of anatotomical landmarks on the surface of the body via visualization and palpation

A

Surface Anatomy

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3
Q

The study of structures that can be examined without a microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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4
Q

The study of structure of a specific system(s) of the body.

A

Systemic Anatomy

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5
Q

The study of specific regions of the body (i.e., head and chest)

A

Regional Anatomy

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6
Q

The study of changes associated with disease.

A

Pathological Anatomy

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7
Q

The study of internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans etc. for clinical analysis and medical interventions.

A

Imaging Anatomy

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8
Q

The study of microscopic structures.

A

Histology

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9
Q

The biological study of the vital functions of living organisms and its parts.

A

Physiology

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10
Q

The study of functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

A

Molecular Physiology

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11
Q

The study of functional properties of the nerve cells

A

Neurophysiology

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12
Q

The study of hormones and how they regulate the body

A

Endocrinology

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13
Q

The study of functions of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular Physiology

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14
Q

The study of how the body defends against disease causing agents.

A

Immunology Physiology

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15
Q

The study of functions of the air passageways and lungs

A

Respiratory Physiology

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16
Q

The study of the function of the kidneys

A

Renal Physiology

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17
Q

The study of changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity.

A

Exercise Physiology

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18
Q

The study of functional changes associated with disease and aging.

A

Pathophysiology

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19
Q

What are the SIX levels of Structural Organization of the Body

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Cellular Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. System Level
  6. The Organismal Level
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20
Q

The very basic level of structural organization. The smallest non-living units of matter. There is participation in chemical reactions. Includes Atoms & Molecules

A

Chemical Level of Organization

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21
Q

The smallest unit of matter is…

A

Atom

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22
Q

Two of more atoms joined together is called…

A

Molecule

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23
Q

This Structural Level is made up of cells - the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals (molecules)

A

Cellular Level of Organization

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24
Q

This structural level is made up of tissues which are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.

A

Tissue Level of Organization

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25
This structural level of organization consists of different types of tissues joined together to form organs.
The Organ Level of Organization
26
This structural level of organization consists of related organs with a common function.
The System Level of Organization
27
This level of organization consists of all the parts of the human body functioning together. The largest level
The Organismal Level of Organization.
28
What are the ELEVEN systems of the Body?
1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Lymphatic 7. Digestive 8. Reproductive 9. Cardiovascular 10. Respiratory 11. Urinary
29
Skin, hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands and oil glands
Integumentary System
30
Bones, Joints and Cartilage
Skeletal System
31
Skeletal Muscle
Muscular System
32
Brain, Spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs
Nervous System
33
Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries/testes
Endocrine System
34
The Lymphatic System consists of...
Lymph Fluid, Lymph Vessels, Speen, Thymus, Lymph Nodes, Tonsils
35
The Digestive System consists of...
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestines, Anus, Accessory Glands
36
Which system contains gonads, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, penis, mammary glands, epidydmus, seminal vesicles, prostate
Reproductive System
37
Heart, Blood, Arteries, Veins
Cardiovascular System
38
Lungs, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial Tubes,
Respiratory System
39
What does the Urinary System consist of?
Kidneys, Bladder, Ureters, Urethra.
40
What are the SIX basic life processes?
1. Metabolism 2. Responsiveness 3. Movement 4. Growth 5. Differentiation 6. Reproduction
41
What is Metabolism?
All of the chemical processes that occur in the body where living organisms obtain and use energy.
42
What is Responsiveness
The body's ability to detect and respond to change.
43
What is Differentiation?
The development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state.
44
The conditional of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body's many regulatory processes.
Homeostasis.
45
What are TWO types of Bodily Fluids?
Intracellular and Extracellular
46
What are the different types of Extracellular Fluids?
Interstitial Fluids, Blood Plasma, Lymph, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Synovial Fluid
47
Factors that disrupt Homeostasis are?
External, Internal and Psychological Factors.
48
What is a feedback System?
Regulating systems that can usually bring the internal environment back into balance.
49
A cycle of events in which that status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, re-evaluated and so on.
Feedback System
50
Each monitored variable, such as body temperature or blood pressure is called a...
Controlled Variable/Condition
51
Any disruption that changes a controlled condition is called a...
Stimulus
52
This type of feedback system reverses a change in a controlled condition. It is the body's primary method of maintaining homeostasis. Senses changes in the body and slowly returns it to normal
Negative Feedback
53
This type of feedback strengthens or reinforces a change (initial stimulus) in one of the body's controlled conditoons
Positive Feedback
54
Example of Negative Feed Back
Blood Pressure Regulation
55
Example of Positive Feed Back
Natural Childbirth.
56
A structure that monitors change and sends input to the control centre
Receptor
57
The brain, which sets a range of normal values in which conditions should be maintained, evaluates the input received from receptors, and generates the necessary output commands. (In Feedback Loop)
Control Centre
58
The body part that recieves output from the control centre and produces an effect (response). Almost every organ/tissue can act as a....
Effector
59
What is a Disorder?
Abnormality of structure or function
60
What is Disease?
More specific term for an illness marked by recognizable set of signs and symptoms. Disease can local or systemic.
61
Subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer are...
Symptoms
62
Objective changes that a doctor/nurse/rmt can observe and measure
Signs
63
What are the three states of matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
64
What are the Major Elements of the body?
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
65
What are the Minor Elements of the Body?
Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron
66
Protons are...
Positively Charges
67
Neutrons are...
Uncharged/Neutral
68
Electrons are...
Negatively Charged
69
The dense core of an atom is called a...
Nucleus
70
An atom that has a positive charge or negative charge due to unequal numbers or protons and electrons is...
Ion
71
When 2 or more atoms (of the same of different kind) share electrons
Molecule
72
A substance that contains atoms of 2 of more different elements is...
Compound
73
What is a Free Radical?
An electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell. It is unstable
74
Forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule or a compound
Chemical Bond
75
Under the right conditions, 2 or more atoms can interact in ways that produce a chemically stable arrangement of 8 valence electrons from each atom. This is called the...
Octet Rule.
76
The force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges is
an Ionic Bond
77
Ions can be:
Cations or Anions
78
A positively charged ion because the total number of protons exceeds the number of electrons (more protons)
Cation
79
A negatively charged ion because the total number of electrons exceeds the number of protons (more electrons)
Anions
80
_____________ is an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in a solution.
Electrolyte
81
This type of solution conducts an electrical charge
Electrolyte
82
When two of more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them
Covalent Bonds
83
There are 3 types of Covalent Bonds
1. Single Covalent Bond (1 electron pair) 2. Double Covalen Bond (2 pairs of electrons) 3. Triple Covalent Bond( 3 electron pairs)
84
When 2 atoms share the electrons equally
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
85
The unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms: the nucleus of one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the nucleus of the other atom.
Polar Covalent Bond
86
The polar covalent bond that forms between hydrogem atoms and other atoms can give rise to this....
Hydrogen Bond
87
This is the type of bond weak and found between water molecules
Hydrogen Bond

Anatomy & Physiology 1 - MT (8 decks)

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