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TCM > A&P Digestive Anatomy > Flashcards

A&P Digestive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name of groups of the digestive system

A

Alimentary canal and Accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

Alimentary canal performs what digestive functions

A

ingests, digests, absorbs and defecates

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3
Q

Accessory organs are what and do what

A

teeth, tongue, and large digestive glands and they assist

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4
Q

Alimentary canal is AKA

A

GI tract

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5
Q

Alimentary canal is what?

A

Coiled hollow muscular tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus

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6
Q

What organs, in correct order, are a part of the alimentary canal?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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7
Q

Mouth is AKA

A

oral cavity

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8
Q

Mouth is lined with?

A

mucus membrane

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9
Q

Anatomy of the mouth

A

lips protect net rigor opening
cheeks form lateral walls
hard palate forms anterior roof and
soft palate forms roof

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10
Q

uvula is?

A

fingerlike projection of the soft palate

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11
Q

Vestibule is:

A

the space between lips, cheeks and teeth

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12
Q

Area contained by teeth is called

A

oral cavity proper

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13
Q

lingual frenulum is?

A

fold of mucus membrane that secures tongue to floor of mouth and limits posterior movements

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14
Q

Pharynx contains what two parts

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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15
Q

Mouth passes food from where to where

A

into the oropharynx into the laryngopharynx

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16
Q

esophagus runs from where through to where

A

from pharynx through the diaphragm to the stomach

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17
Q

Esophagus is essentially a

A

passageway that conducts food to the stomach

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18
Q

Four layers that make up the walls of the esophagus and stomach

A

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis externa
4) serosa

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19
Q

Mucosa

A

innermost layer that lines ST and Eso. Lumen. consists mainly of surface epithelium, small amount of connective tissue and a scanty smooth layer

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20
Q

submucosa

A

found just beneath mucosa and is a soft CT layer, containing blood vessels, nerve endings, MALT and lymphatic vessels

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21
Q

muscularis externa

A

muscular layer made up of inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

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22
Q

serosa

A

outer most layer of the wall, single flat layer of serous fluid producing cells known as the visceral peritoneum. Connected to the silpery parietal peritoneum which line the ab cavity

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23
Q

Alimentary canal wall contains two important intrinsic nerve plexuses

A

Submucosal nerve plexus
myenteric nerve plexus
part of ANS and help regulate mobility and secretory activity of GI tract

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24
Q

Stomach is ________ shaped

A

C

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25
Stomach sits on the _____________ side of the AB cavity
left
26
Chyme is
simifluid mixture that results from the stomach breaking food down into small particles and mixing it with gastric juice
27
chyme leaves the stomach and enters the ________ by passing through the ______ ______
duodenum and pyloric sphincter and greater curvature
28
4 sections of the stomach
cardia fundus body pylourus
29
rugae
wrinkles in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach when the stomach is empty
30
Gastric pits are located where
in the gastric mucosa
31
Gastric pits have what that opens up in the bottom
gastric glads that secrete the various components of gastric juice
32
mucous cells job
secrete mucus which protects the stomach lining and keeps the stomach from digesting itself
33
parietal sells
secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor which is necessary for the absorption of vit B12. it also kills microbes in swallowed food
34
chief cells
secrete digestive enzymens such as pepsinogen
35
edteroendocrine cells
secrete the hormone ghrelin which stimulates the hypothalamus to increase appetite and gastrin which influences digestive function
36
ghrelin
homorone that stimulates the hypothalamus to increase appetite
37
gastrin
hormone that influences digestive function
38
duodenum
first 10 inches of the SI. receives chyme from the ST and well as pancreatic juice and bile. ST acid is neutralized and enzymes begin chemical digestion
39
jejunum
8 feet of SI. many large closely spaced folds and projections give the jej an enourmous surface area. ideal for nutrient absorption
40
ileum
last 12 feet of SI. Thinner and less blood then previous parts. Contains peyers patches
41
Pyloric sphincter means
gate keeper
42
Peristalis
wave like movement that moves digested material along the GI tract
43
Segmentation
ring like constrictions that break up food particles and kneads the contents of the intestines with digestive juices
44
intestinal lining-circular folds
slow the progress of chyme and increase contact with mucosa.
45
microvilli
small projections from plasma membrane of mucosa cells and complete the digestion of proteins and carbs in SI
46
Villi
fingerlike projections, which have large capillary bed and lymphatic capillary which absorb some digested foodstuffs
47
SI can only digest
small amounts of food at a time
48
LI extends from
ileoceacal valve to anus
49
major function of the LI
to dry out the indigestible food residue by absorbing water and eliminate residues from body as feces
50
Subdivisions of the LI
cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal
51
Cecum
sac-like first part of the LI
52
Appendix
hands from the cecum which is twisted which makes an ideal location for bacteria to accumulate and multiply
53
Colon divisions
``` ascending right colic/hepatic flexure transverse colon left colic/splenic flexure descending colon S shaped sigmoid colon ```
54
ascending colon
travels up right side of the ab
55
transverse colon
travels across the ab cavity
56
descending colon
enters the pelvis
57
Sigmoid colon
s-shaped part interior to the pelvis
58
Liver
body's largest gland
59
liver has _____ number lobes
4
60
Which of the liver's lobes are visable from an anterior view
right and left
61
which of the liver's lobes are visable from behind?
caudate lobe and quadrate lobe
62
what seperates the right and left liver lobes
falciform ligament, also serves to anchor the liver to the ab wall
63
Digestive function of the liver
to produe bile
64
Bile:
yellow to green, wtery solution containing bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, phospholipids and a variety of electorlytes
65
What liver product aid in digestion
bile salts and phospholipids
66
how does bile salts work
they emulsify fats by providing more surface area for fat digesting enzymes to work
67
Gallbladder is a
small green sac that snuggles in a fossa in the interior surface of the liver
68
gallbladder stores
extra bile
69
Pancreas
Soft pink triangular extends across abdomen from spleen to duodenum produces enzymes that break down ALL categories of food produces insulin and glucagon

TCM (12 decks)

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