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TCM > A&P Digestive Anatomy > Flashcards

A&P Digestive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name of groups of the digestive system

A

Alimentary canal and Accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

Alimentary canal performs what digestive functions

A

ingests, digests, absorbs and defecates

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3
Q

Accessory organs are what and do what

A

teeth, tongue, and large digestive glands and they assist

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4
Q

Alimentary canal is AKA

A

GI tract

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5
Q

Alimentary canal is what?

A

Coiled hollow muscular tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus

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6
Q

What organs, in correct order, are a part of the alimentary canal?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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7
Q

Mouth is AKA

A

oral cavity

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8
Q

Mouth is lined with?

A

mucus membrane

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9
Q

Anatomy of the mouth

A

lips protect net rigor opening
cheeks form lateral walls
hard palate forms anterior roof and
soft palate forms roof

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10
Q

uvula is?

A

fingerlike projection of the soft palate

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11
Q

Vestibule is:

A

the space between lips, cheeks and teeth

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12
Q

Area contained by teeth is called

A

oral cavity proper

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13
Q

lingual frenulum is?

A

fold of mucus membrane that secures tongue to floor of mouth and limits posterior movements

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14
Q

Pharynx contains what two parts

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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15
Q

Mouth passes food from where to where

A

into the oropharynx into the laryngopharynx

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16
Q

esophagus runs from where through to where

A

from pharynx through the diaphragm to the stomach

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17
Q

Esophagus is essentially a

A

passageway that conducts food to the stomach

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18
Q

Four layers that make up the walls of the esophagus and stomach

A

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis externa
4) serosa

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19
Q

Mucosa

A

innermost layer that lines ST and Eso. Lumen. consists mainly of surface epithelium, small amount of connective tissue and a scanty smooth layer

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20
Q

submucosa

A

found just beneath mucosa and is a soft CT layer, containing blood vessels, nerve endings, MALT and lymphatic vessels

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21
Q

muscularis externa

A

muscular layer made up of inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

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22
Q

serosa

A

outer most layer of the wall, single flat layer of serous fluid producing cells known as the visceral peritoneum. Connected to the silpery parietal peritoneum which line the ab cavity

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23
Q

Alimentary canal wall contains two important intrinsic nerve plexuses

A

Submucosal nerve plexus
myenteric nerve plexus
part of ANS and help regulate mobility and secretory activity of GI tract

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24
Q

Stomach is ________ shaped

A

C

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25
Q

Stomach sits on the _____________ side of the AB cavity

A

left

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26
Q

Chyme is

A

simifluid mixture that results from the stomach breaking food down into small particles and mixing it with gastric juice

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27
Q

chyme leaves the stomach and enters the ________ by passing through the ______ ______

A

duodenum and pyloric sphincter and greater curvature

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28
Q

4 sections of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylourus

29
Q

rugae

A

wrinkles in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach when the stomach is empty

30
Q

Gastric pits are located where

A

in the gastric mucosa

31
Q

Gastric pits have what that opens up in the bottom

A

gastric glads that secrete the various components of gastric juice

32
Q

mucous cells job

A

secrete mucus which protects the stomach lining and keeps the stomach from digesting itself

33
Q

parietal sells

A

secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor which is necessary for the absorption of vit B12. it also kills microbes in swallowed food

34
Q

chief cells

A

secrete digestive enzymens such as pepsinogen

35
Q

edteroendocrine cells

A

secrete the hormone ghrelin which stimulates the hypothalamus to increase appetite and gastrin which influences digestive function

36
Q

ghrelin

A

homorone that stimulates the hypothalamus to increase appetite

37
Q

gastrin

A

hormone that influences digestive function

38
Q

duodenum

A

first 10 inches of the SI. receives chyme from the ST and well as pancreatic juice and bile. ST acid is neutralized and enzymes begin chemical digestion

39
Q

jejunum

A

8 feet of SI. many large closely spaced folds and projections give the jej an enourmous surface area. ideal for nutrient absorption

40
Q

ileum

A

last 12 feet of SI. Thinner and less blood then previous parts. Contains peyers patches

41
Q

Pyloric sphincter means

A

gate keeper

42
Q

Peristalis

A

wave like movement that moves digested material along the GI tract

43
Q

Segmentation

A

ring like constrictions that break up food particles and kneads the contents of the intestines with digestive juices

44
Q

intestinal lining-circular folds

A

slow the progress of chyme and increase contact with mucosa.

45
Q

microvilli

A

small projections from plasma membrane of mucosa cells and complete the digestion of proteins and carbs in SI

46
Q

Villi

A

fingerlike projections, which have large capillary bed and lymphatic capillary which absorb some digested foodstuffs

47
Q

SI can only digest

A

small amounts of food at a time

48
Q

LI extends from

A

ileoceacal valve to anus

49
Q

major function of the LI

A

to dry out the indigestible food residue by absorbing water and eliminate residues from body as feces

50
Q

Subdivisions of the LI

A

cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal

51
Q

Cecum

A

sac-like first part of the LI

52
Q

Appendix

A

hands from the cecum which is twisted which makes an ideal location for bacteria to accumulate and multiply

53
Q

Colon divisions

A 
ascending 
right colic/hepatic flexure
transverse colon
left colic/splenic flexure
descending colon
S shaped sigmoid colon
54
Q

ascending colon

A

travels up right side of the ab

55
Q

transverse colon

A

travels across the ab cavity

56
Q

descending colon

A

enters the pelvis

57
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

s-shaped part interior to the pelvis

58
Q

Liver

A

body’s largest gland

59
Q

liver has _____ number lobes

60
Q

Which of the liver’s lobes are visable from an anterior view

A

right and left

61
Q

which of the liver’s lobes are visable from behind?

A

caudate lobe and quadrate lobe

62
Q

what seperates the right and left liver lobes

A

falciform ligament, also serves to anchor the liver to the ab wall

63
Q

Digestive function of the liver

A

to produe bile

64
Q

Bile:

A

yellow to green, wtery solution containing bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, phospholipids and a variety of electorlytes

65
Q

What liver product aid in digestion

A

bile salts and phospholipids

66
Q

how does bile salts work

A

they emulsify fats by providing more surface area for fat digesting enzymes to work

67
Q

Gallbladder is a

A

small green sac that snuggles in a fossa in the interior surface of the liver

68
Q

gallbladder stores

A

extra bile

69
Q

Pancreas

A

Soft pink triangular
extends across abdomen from spleen to duodenum
produces enzymes that break down ALL categories of food
produces insulin and glucagon

TCM (12 decks)

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