A&P cont Flashcards
A primary function of organ systems is to increase the rate of diffusion.
False
In order to be healthy all extracellular variables in the body must be stable in all situations.
False
Reflexes can be feedforward.
True
Feedforward regulation is usually beneficial to the organism.
True
Parturition (giving birth) is an example of
Positive feedback
Which of the following organ systems has the smallest role in homeostasis?
Reproductive systems
Which is most common in the body?
Negative feedback
Cholesterol in the plasma membrane tends to
decrease membrane fluidity
A single protein can bind to many different ligands
True
Ligand-protein interactions can be covalent.
False
Homeostasis is concerned with maintaining a constant
extracellular environment
The smallest structure in an organ that performs the primary function of that organ and repeats many times throughout the organ is called a __________ __________.
functional unit
The higher the KD for a protein-ligand interaction the
lower the protein’s affinity for the ligand
What kind of proteins holds cells close together/attaches cells to each other?
cadherins
According to the _________________ model, proteins move freely along the membrane plane and are not anchored in one spot.
fluid-mosaic
What is the name for all of the sugar moeities attached to the extracellular side of membrane proteins that plays an important role in cell recognition?
glycocalyx
Which two types of intercellular communication require direct cell-to-cell contact?
gap junctions
juxtracrine communication
A protein may have covalent modulation or allosteric modulation, but not both.
False
All enzymes are proteins.
True
If a reaction is reversable, and the concentration of a substrate/reactant decreases, then the rate of the _________________ reaction will increase.
reverse
If a solute takes 1 second to reach diffusion equilibrium over 10 micrometers, how long would it take to reach diffusion equilibrium over 10 centimeters?
1-9 years
In the body, what is the solvent that the solutes are dissolved in? (related to diffusion)
water
Which is faster?
movement of chemical species through channels
Transport of chemical species from _____________________________ requires the use of ATP directly or indirectly.
low concentration to high concentration
The sodium-potassium pump
pumps potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell
If solute concentration is high, water concentration is
low
What is the name of the channel that allows water to move across the plasma membrane.
aquaporin
Protein receptors for intercellular messengers have the same four characteristics of protein binding sites (chemical specificity, saturation, affinity, and competition).
True
The number of protein receptors in the plasma membrane of a cell is very stable over time.
False
Intercellular messengers that bind to intracellular receptors are
lipophilic
The JAK protein often phosphorylates what transcription factor as discussed in lecture?
STAT
What was the general name given in lecture for drugs that can bind to a protein receptor but do not activate signal transduction.
antagonist
isotonic
300 mOsm
np solutes
hypotonic
under 300 Mosm
np solutes
hyperotnic
over 300 mOsm
np solutes
isoosmotic
300 mOsm
np and p solutes
hypoosmotic
under 300 mOsm
np and p solutes
hyperosmotic
over 300 mOsm
np and p solutes
basolateral faces
interstitial fluid
apical faces
away form interstitial fluid
