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A&P > A&P cont > Flashcards

A&P cont Flashcards

1
Q

A primary function of organ systems is to increase the rate of diffusion.

A

False

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2
Q

In order to be healthy all extracellular variables in the body must be stable in all situations.

A

False

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3
Q

Reflexes can be feedforward.

A

True

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4
Q

Feedforward regulation is usually beneficial to the organism.

A

True

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5
Q

Parturition (giving birth) is an example of

A

Positive feedback

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6
Q

Which of the following organ systems has the smallest role in homeostasis?

A

Reproductive systems

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7
Q

Which is most common in the body?

A

Negative feedback

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8
Q

Cholesterol in the plasma membrane tends to

A

decrease membrane fluidity

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9
Q

A single protein can bind to many different ligands

A

True

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10
Q

Ligand-protein interactions can be covalent.

A

False

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11
Q

Homeostasis is concerned with maintaining a constant

A

extracellular environment

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12
Q

The smallest structure in an organ that performs the primary function of that organ and repeats many times throughout the organ is called a __________ __________.

A

functional unit

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13
Q

The higher the KD for a protein-ligand interaction the

A

lower the protein’s affinity for the ligand

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14
Q

What kind of proteins holds cells close together/attaches cells to each other?

A

cadherins

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15
Q

According to the _________________ model, proteins move freely along the membrane plane and are not anchored in one spot.

A

fluid-mosaic

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16
Q

What is the name for all of the sugar moeities attached to the extracellular side of membrane proteins that plays an important role in cell recognition?

A

glycocalyx

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17
Q

Which two types of intercellular communication require direct cell-to-cell contact?

A

gap junctions

juxtracrine communication

18
Q

A protein may have covalent modulation or allosteric modulation, but not both.

A

False

19
Q

All enzymes are proteins.

A

True

20
Q

If a reaction is reversable, and the concentration of a substrate/reactant decreases, then the rate of the _________________ reaction will increase.

A

reverse

21
Q

If a solute takes 1 second to reach diffusion equilibrium over 10 micrometers, how long would it take to reach diffusion equilibrium over 10 centimeters?

A

1-9 years

22
Q

In the body, what is the solvent that the solutes are dissolved in? (related to diffusion)

A

water

23
Q

Which is faster?

A

movement of chemical species through channels

24
Q

Transport of chemical species from _____________________________ requires the use of ATP directly or indirectly.

A

low concentration to high concentration

25
Q

The sodium-potassium pump

A

pumps potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell

26
Q

If solute concentration is high, water concentration is

A

low

27
Q

What is the name of the channel that allows water to move across the plasma membrane.

A

aquaporin

28
Q

Protein receptors for intercellular messengers have the same four characteristics of protein binding sites (chemical specificity, saturation, affinity, and competition).

A

True

29
Q

The number of protein receptors in the plasma membrane of a cell is very stable over time.

A

False

30
Q

Intercellular messengers that bind to intracellular receptors are

A

lipophilic

31
Q

The JAK protein often phosphorylates what transcription factor as discussed in lecture?

A

STAT

32
Q

What was the general name given in lecture for drugs that can bind to a protein receptor but do not activate signal transduction.

A

antagonist

33
Q

isotonic

A

300 mOsm
np solutes

34
Q

hypotonic

A

under 300 Mosm
np solutes

35
Q

hyperotnic

A

over 300 mOsm
np solutes

36
Q

isoosmotic

A

300 mOsm
np and p solutes

37
Q

hypoosmotic

A

under 300 mOsm
np and p solutes

38
Q

hyperosmotic

A

over 300 mOsm
np and p solutes

39
Q

basolateral faces

A

interstitial fluid

40
Q

apical faces

A

away form interstitial fluid

A&P (7 decks)

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