A&P CH3

Question 1

Def. ribosome and 2 types

Answer 1

Organelles that synthesize proteins (fixed and free)

Question 2

Def. proteasome

Answer 2

Organelle that eliminate dysfunctional or diseased proteins created by ribosomes; quality check for ribosomes

Question 3

Def. flagella

Answer 3

Tail on sperm cells, used for propulsion of cell

Question 4

Def. interstitial fluid

Answer 4

Fluid between cells

Question 5

Def. cytoplasm

Answer 5

Fluid inside cells

Question 6

Def. microvilli

Answer 6

Increase surface area of cells to allow nutrient absorption

Question 7

Def. centrioles

Answer 7

Move DNA during dividing process

Question 8

Def. cilia

Answer 8

Defensive mechanism, move/remove debris, take energy from ATP

Question 9

Def. lysosomes

Answer 9

Removes damaged organelles or pathogens inside cells

Question 10

Def. golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Stores, alters and packages secretory products, forms lysosomes

Question 11

Def. endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Network of membranous channels throughout cytoplasm; provides intracellular storage and transport

Question 12

Def. nucleus

Answer 12

Control center of cell

Question 13

Def. nucleoli

Answer 13

Creates functional ribosomes

Question 14

Def. peroxisomes

Answer 14

Catabolize fats and other organic compounds; neutralize toxins from this process

Question 15

Def. mitochondria

Answer 15

Produce 95% of ATP generated in cell; powerhouse of cell

Question 16

Def. cell membrane

Answer 16

protects cell, controls entrance/exit of materials

Question 17

What is diffusion? (and what type of transport system?)

Answer 17

Movement across concentration gradient FROM AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION (passive transport system = no energy required)

Question 18

What is facilitated diffusion? and give example

Answer 18

type of diffusion that occurs when molecule is too large to diffuse; example of glucose entering cell (carrier mediated transport)

Question 19

What is osmosis?

Answer 19

Type of diffusion, FROM AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION

Question 20

What does osmosis involve?

Answer 20

Water

Question 21

Why does water move from low to high concentration?

Answer 21

It likes to dilute

Question 22

3 types of solution (and effect it will have on RBC)

Answer 22

1. Isotonic: normal, no net movement of RBC
2. Hypertonic: contains more dissolved solutes than RBC (because water wants to dilute, will move from RBC to solution and RBC will shrivel)
3. Hypotonic: contains fewer dissolved solutes than RBC (because water wants to dilute, will move from solute to RBC and RBC will swell)

Question 23

Def. crenation vs. hemolysis

Answer 23

Crenation = RBC shriveling, hemolysis = RBC swelling

Question 24

2 examples of isotonic/crystalloid solutions?

Answer 24

Lactated ringer’s / saline

Question 25

2 types of carrier mediated transport?

Answer 25

Active (energy required) and passive (no energy required)

Question 26

What is vehicular transport?

Answer 26

Materials move into or out of cells in vesicles

Question 27

Def. endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 27

Endocytosis (materials imported into the cell) and exocytosis (materials discharged into the extracellular environment)

Question 28

Life cycle of an RBC?

Answer 28

120 days

Question 29

Cells that have centrioles do what?

Answer 29

Divide through mytosis

Question 30

Cell division phases (and period between cell division?)

Answer 30

Between = interphase, then

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telephase

Question 31

Why do cells divide?

Answer 31

To replace old or damaged cells

Question 32

What is cancer?

Answer 32

Uncontrolled cell division, exceeds death of cells = tumors

Question 33

What is metastasis?

Answer 33

Cancer spreading into other organ systems