A

Question 1

African National Congress (ANC):

Answer 1

founded in 1912,
at first was focused on civil rights for black South Africans, later became a leading force against apartheid
began to evolve into the ruling party post-1994.

Question 2

Afrikaner:

Answer 2

A South African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers in the 17th century, associated with the development and enforcement of apartheid policies.

Question 3

Ali Jinnah:

Answer 3

Founder of Pakistan and leader of the All-India Muslim League,
instrumental in the partition of India and the establishment of a separate Muslim state in 1947.

Question 4

Anwar al-Sadat:

Answer 4

President of Egypt from 1970 to 1981,
known for initiating peace with Israel through the Camp David Accords and for economic reforms
assassinated for his policies.

Question 5

Apartheid:

Answer 5

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa against Black people from 1948 to 1994, enforcing white minority rule.

Question 6

Arab League:

Answer 6

regional organization of Arab countries established in 1945
promoted political, economic, and cultural cooperation among its members.

Question 7

Arab Nationalism:

Answer 7

A political and cultural ideology emphasizing unity and independence of Arab peoples and nations from Western domination.

Question 8

ASEAN:

Answer 8

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, established in 1967, promoting economic growth, regional stability, and political cooperation among member states.

Question 9

Augusto Pinochet:

Answer 9

Military dictator of Chile from 1973 to 1990, known for economic reforms and widespread human rights abuses during his rule.

Question 10

Ayatollah Khomeini:

Answer 10

Iranian religious leader and revolutionary
led the 1979 Iranian Revolution,
established the Islamic Republic of Iran.