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S.N Pharmacology I > A: 12-15 > Flashcards

A: 12-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid preparations (2)

A

Levothyroxine

Iodine

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2
Q

Levothyroxine:
How to give?
When is the maximum effect?

A

Oral/IV

After 6-8 weeks

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3
Q

Daily requirement of Iodine

A

150 micro g

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4
Q

Iodine indications

A

Deficiency

Thyrotoxicosis crisis

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5
Q

Iodine side effects

A

Cutaneous and mucus membrane irritation
Allergic
Hypo/Hyper -thyroiditis

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6
Q

Antithyroid drugs MOA

A

Inhibit thyroid Peroxidase activity

Inhibit Deionidase

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7
Q

Antithyroid drugs (2)

A

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Methimazole

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8
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Hoe to give
Duration of action

A

Oral

6-8 h

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9
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole

How long until they work? Why?

A

3-4 weeks

Since the realease of preformed hormones is not affected

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10
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU) side effects

A 
Skin rash
GI
Vasculitis
Liver
Hypothyroidism
Lupus
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11
Q

Methimazole
Hoe to give
Duration of action

A

Oral

24 h

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12
Q

Which of them doesnt effect Deionidase?

Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole

A

Methimazole

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13
Q

Which of them is safe during pregnancy?

Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole

A

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

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14
Q

Methimazole side effects

A 
Skin rash
Nausea
Vasculitis
Agranulocytosis
Liver
Hypothyroidism
Lupus
Teratogenic
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15
Q

Somatostatin analoge

A

Octreotide

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16
Q

Dopamine D2-R agonists (2)

A

Bromocriptine

Cabergoline

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17
Q

Hypothalamic and Pituitary hormones- which drugs should I know?

A

Desmopresin (ADH)
Octreotide (GH antagonist)
Bromocriptine (D2-R agonis)
Oxytocin

DOB-O

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18
Q

Octreotide MOA

A

GH antaginist (Somatostatin anloge)

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19
Q

Octreotide indications

A

Acromegaly
Gigantism
Endocrine tumors
Control of bleeding in esophageal varices

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20
Q

Octreotide side effects

A

GI
Steatorrhea
Gall stones
Cardiac conduction abnormalities

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21
Q

Why will we see Gall stones when taking Octreotide?

A

Impaired pancreatic secretions

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22
Q

Which drug can suppress pituitary excretion of prolactin?

A

Bromocriptine

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23
Q

Bromocriptine indications

A

Prolactin secreting adenoma

Acromegaly

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24
Q

Bromocriptine side effects

A 
GI
Orthostatis HTN
Headache
Psychosis
Vasospasm
Pulmonary infiltrates in high dosage
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25
How to give Oxytocin?
IV
26
Oxytocin indications
Induction of labor | Control of uterine hemorrhage after delivery
27
Oxytocin side effects
``` Fetal distress Placental abruption Uterine rupture Fluid retention Hypotension ```
28
Oxytocin MOA
Mediates uterine contraction via activation of Oxytocin-R that are Gq coupled
29
Desmopressin MOA
Selective V2-R agonist | Synthetic analoge of ADH
30
Desmopressin indications
Central DI Hemophilia A Von-Willebrand disease
31
Desmopressin side effects
GI Headache Hyponatremia Allegy
32
Rapid acting Insulin
Lispro Aspart Glulisine
33
Lispro Insulin Onset of action Peak Duration
Onset of action: 10 min Peak: 1 h Duration: 3-4 h
34
Short acting Insulin
Regular Insulin
35
Regular Insulin Onset of action Peak Duration
Onset of action: 30 min Peak: 1-3 h Duration: 4-8 h
36
Intermidiate acting Insulin
NPH (Isopham)
37
NPH (Isopham) Onset of action Peak Duration
Onset of action: 1-2 h Peak: 4-6 h Duration: 8-12 h
38
Long acting Insulin
Glargine | Detemir
39
Glargine, Detemir Onset of action Peak Duration
Onset of action: 2 h Peak: Flat Duration: 12-24 h
40
Rapid acting Insulin indications
Pre prandial injection Preferred for contineous SC Emergancy keto acidosis
41
Short acting Insulin indications
Pre prandial injection | Emergancy keto acidosis
42
Intermediate acting Insulin indications
Combined with short/rapid
43
Long acting Insulin indications
For Basal Insulin levels
44
What does human Inslin means?
Original AA sequence is not altered
45
What does analogue Inslin means?
AA sequence has been modified to generate more lonf/short acting Insulin
46
Insulin side effects
Hypoglycemia --> CNS Injection site reaction Edema
47
Total daily Insulin needs in T1DM
~ 0.55 Unit/Kg
48
Total daily Insulin needs in T2DM
> 1 Unit/Kg
49
GLP-1 analogue
Liraglutide | Exanglutide
50
GLP-1 job?
Has the ability to decrease blood sugar levels in a glucose-dependent manner by enhancing the secretion of insulin
51
GLP-1 and GIP are also called togather-
Incretins
52
Which GLP-1 drug can cause weight loss?
Liraglutide
53
Which DM patient will get Liraglutide
T2DM
54
What effect will a contineous Sulfonylurea use have?
Enhances tissue response to Insulin
55
Sulfonylurea 2nd generation
Glimepiride | Glipizide
56
Which drug group is like Sulfonylurea MOA but is not a Sulfa drug?
Meglitinide
57
Meglitinides:
Rapeglinide | Nateglinide
58
Sulfonylurea administration
Oral
59
Sulfonylurea side effects
``` Weight gain Hypoglycemia Rash Sulfa drug Cardiovascular risk ```
60
Meglitinides side effects
Hypoglycemia
61
Meglitinides onset of action להשוות לסולפונוראה
Meglitinides are more rapid
62
Biguanides MOA
Avtivate AMP Kinase --> Reduce hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis --> Post prandial and fasting glucose level decrease Decrease intestinal glucose absorption Increase Insulin sensitivity
63
Metformin elimination
Renal
64
When does Metformin requires caution?
GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 Lower than 30 is contraindication
65
Metformin indications
T2DM Restore fertility in women with PCOS Weight reduction in obesity Hyperinsulinemia
66
Metformin side effects
GI | Lactic acidosis
67
Incertins actions
Increase Insulin release Decrease Glucagon release Delayed gastric emptying Satiety
68
DDP-4 inhibitors
Vildagliptin Sita Saza
69
DDP-4 inhibitors side effects
Headache Nasopharynagitis Upper respiratory tract infections
70
SGLT2 location
Proximal convoluted tubule
71
When are SGLT2 inhibitors contraindicated?
Impaired renal function
72
SGLT2 inhibitors side effects
Genitourinary infections | Osmotic diuresis
73
a-glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose | Miglitol
74
Acarbose side effects
Hypoglycemia Diarrhea Abdomianl pain
75
PTH effects in the kidneys
Decrease Ca2+ excretion Increase Phosphate excretion Vit. D synthesis
76
PTH effects in the bones
Osteoclast and blast activation Net bone resorption in high conc. Net bone formation in low conc.
77
PTH effects in the intestines
Ca2+ and Phosphate absorption mediated by Vit. D
78
PTH analogue
Teriparatide
79
How to give Teriparatide?
SC injection
80
Teriparatide indications
Osteoporosis
81
Teriparatide side effects
Hypercalcemia | Hypercalciuria
82
Vit. D3 is also called
Cholecalciferol
83
Cholecalciferol is given ____ | Why?
Oral | Requires metabolism in liver and kidney to become the active form
84
Cholecalciferol indications
Vit. D def. Hypoparathyroidism Nephrotic syndrome
85
Cholecalciferol side effects
Hypercalcemia Hyperphosphatemia Hypercalciuria
86
What is the effect of Vit. D on PTH?
Vit. D inhibits PTH release
87
Calcitonin effects
Kidney: Ca2+ and Phos. excretion Bone: Inhibit Osteoclast activity
88
SERM used in Osteoporosis
Raloxifene
89
What is the effect of Estrogen on bones?
Inhibition of PTH
90
Raloxifene side effects
Hot flushes | Increased risk of thromboembolism
91
Bisphosphonates MOA
Direct suppression of osteoclasts (Inhibition of Pytophosphate synthase enzyme) Prevent bone turnover Rapid increase in bone mineral density in the first year Later equilibrium
92
Bisphosphonates:
Alendronate | Zoledronate
93
Alendronate Zoledronate Indications
Osteoporosis Paget's disease Bone metastasis Hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism
94
Alendronate Zoledronate Side effects
Hypocalcemia Upper GI Osteonecrosis of the jaw
95
RANKL inhibitors
Denosumab
96
Denosumab How to give and what is it?
SC injection every 6 months | IgG
97
Denosumab indications
Post menopausal osteoporosis
98
Denosumab side effects
Increase risk of infections

S.N Pharmacology I (15 decks)

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