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S.N Pharmacology I > 2nd mid term > Flashcards

2nd mid term Flashcards

1
Q

Location of action: Acetazolamide

A

PCT

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2
Q

Actions: Acetazolamide

A

Loss of NaHCO3 -> Diureses
Metabolic acidosis
K+ wasting

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3
Q

Why will we see K+ wasting with Acetazolamide?

A

Excess Na+ is reabsorbed in the collecting duct in exchange for K+

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4
Q

When will we give Acetazolamide in case of diuresis?

A

Only if edema comes together with metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

Location of action: Mannitol

A

PCT

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6
Q

Side effects: Mannitol

A

Pulmonary edema
HF exacerbation
Na+ inbalanace

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7
Q

Location of action: Loop diuretucs

A

Thick ascending limb

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8
Q

MOA: Acetazolamide

A

Inhibition of CA

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9
Q

MOA: Loop diuretucs

A

Inhibition of Na+/K+/2Cl- at the luminal side

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10
Q

Which drugs interact with Loop diuretics?

A

NSAID’s
Aminoglycosides
Lithium
Digoxin

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11
Q

Actions: Loop diuretucs

A

Natriuresis
Loss of lumen + potential -> Loss of Mg+ and Ca+ reab.
K+ and H+ wasting
Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
COX-2 activation -> Increased GFT and systemic vasodilation

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12
Q

When will we give: Loop diuretucs

A

HF
Pukmonary edema
HTN
Acute renal failure

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13
Q

Side effects: Loop diuretucs

A 
Sulfonamide
Hypovolemia
Ototoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
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14
Q

Names: Loop diuretucs

A

Furosemide

Ethacrynic acid

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15
Q

What is special about Ethacrynic acid

A

Not a Sulfa drug

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16
Q

Location of action: Thiazides

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

MOA: Thiazides

A

Inhibition of Na+/Cl- transporter

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18
Q

Names: Thiazides

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

Indapamide

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19
Q

Drug interaction: Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Digoxin

DM patients

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20
Q

When to give: Hydrochlorothiazide

A 
HTN
CHF
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic DI
Osteoporosis
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21
Q

Actions: Thiazides

A

Natriuresis
Hypercalcemia
K+ wasting

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22
Q

Which diretics causes hypocalcemia?

A

Loop diuretics

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23
Q

Which diretics causes hypercalcemia?

A

Thiazides

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24
Q

MOA: K+ sparing diuretics (2)

A

Aldosteron receptor inhibitors

ENaC inhibitors

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25
Names: Aldosteron receptor inhibitors
Spironolactone | Eplerenone
26
Duration of action: Spironolactone
24-48 h
27
Indications: Aldosteron receptor inhibitors
Hyperaldestronism Hypokalemia CHF Antiadrogenic
28
Names: ENaC inhibitors
Amiloride
29
Indications: ENaC inhibitors
Hypokalemia caused by other drugs Nephrogenic DI Liddle's syndrome
30
Names: SGLT2 antagonists
Canaglifozin | Dapaglifozin
31
ADH agonists
Desmopressin
32
MOA: Desmopressin
Synth. analoge of ADH V2 selective agonist CAn be given in many ways
33
Indications: Desmopressin
Centrala DI | Nocturia
34
ADH antagonists:
Tolvaptan | Conivaptan
35
MOA: Tolvaptan
Selective V2 antagonist
36
Diuretics used in HTN:
Thiazides- Hydrochlorothiazide | Loop diuretics- Furosemide
37
Which has 2-3 h duration of action? | Hydrochlorothiazide/Furosemide
Furosemide
38
Which has longer duration of action? | Hydrochlorothiazide/Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide: 8-12H
39
Sympatholytics used in HTN:
``` Clonidine- a2 agonist Methyldopa- a2 agonist Prazosin- a1 antag Doxazosin- a1 antag Tamsulosin- a1 antag Proprapranol- B non selective Metoprolol- B1 selective Bisoprolol- B1 selective Nevibolol- B1 selective Labetalol- a.B Carvedilol- a,B ```
40
Which B non selective can enter thr CNS?
Propranolol
41
Dihydropyridines, which is long acting?
Amlodipine
42
Dihydropyridines, which is short acting?
Nifedipine
43
Dihydropyridines:
Nifedipine Amlodipine Nicardipine Nimodipine
44
Which Dihydropyridine can help treat subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Nimodipine
45
Indications: Diltiazem
HTN | Angina pectoris
46
Which c be given to pregnant women?
Nifedipine
47
Indications: Verapamil
HTN Angina pectoris Migrane prophylaxis Anti arrhytmic
48
Which class AA is Verapamil?
Class IV
49
Which Dihydropyridine can exacerbate Myocardial ischemia?
Nifedipine
50
CCB contraindications
Conduction abnormalities | CHF patients
51
HTN ttreatment: NO releasing agents
Hydralazine | Nitroprusside
52
Which drug induce the release of NO from endothelial cells?
Hydralazine
53
Adverse effect: Hydralazine
Lupus at high dose
54
Which NO releasing drug induces arterial and venous dilation?
Nitroprusside
55
Adverse effect: Nitroprusside
Cyanide toxicity
56
Nitroprusside is Long/Short acting
Short
57
K+ channel opening agents
Minoxidil | Diazoxine
58
Indications: Minoxidil
Severe HTN | Baldness (topical)
59
Fenoldopam has short/long duration
Short- 10 min
60
Endothelin antagonist:
Bosentan
61
ACE inhibitors:
Captopril Enalapril Perindopril Ramipril
62
Which is not a prodrug? Captopril Enalapril Perindopril Ramipril
Captopril כי הוא ילד כאפות
63
MOA: ACE inhib.
Reduction of AG-II and Aldosterone | Increase in bradykinin- Vasodilator
64
Adverse effects: ACE inhib.
Dry cough Teratogen Hyperkalemia AKI
65
ARB's:
Losartan Irbesartan Valsartan
66
ARB's adverse effect
Teratogenic | Hyperkalemia
67
Aliskiren is a
Renin antagonist
68
Adverse effect: Aliskiren
Teratogenic Hyperkalemia Angioedema
69
Indication of drug therapy for HTN
BP > 140/90 mmHg
70
Anti hypertensive therapy- How will you start?
``` ACE inhib. or ARB's + CCB or diuretics if resistance ACE inhib. or ARB's + CCB + diuretics if resistance Add Spironolactone and B blocker ```
71
Spironolactone is an example of _____ drug
K+ sparing diuretics- Aldosteron receptor inhibitor
72
Nitrates
Nitroglycerin | Isosobride dinitrate
73
Adverse effect: Nitrates
``` Headaches Flushing Reflex tachycardia Tolerance after 8-10 h Syncope ```
74
Contraindications: Nitrates
Systolic BP < 90 mmHg Right vent. MI Patient on PDE-5 inhib. HOCM
75
Which B non selective antag. can be given in case of Angina?
Propranolol
76
New drugs for the treatment of Angina
Trimetazidine | Ivabradine
77
MOA: Trimetazidine
pFOX inhibitor
78
Druga that improve survival in HF patients
ACE inhib. ARB's Spironolactone B-Blockers
79
Diuretics that are given in case of CHF
Hydrochlorothiazide Furosemida Spironolactone
80
Drugs that increase cardiac muscle contractility
Digoxin B-agonists PDE-III inhib.
81
Digoxin is eliminated by
Kidnys
82
Net effects: Digoxin
``` Positive ionotropic (Increased I.C Ca2+) Negative chronotropic (Vagus stimulation) Negative dromotropic (AV decreased) ```
83
Contraindications: Digoxin
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy WPW AV block Diastolic HF
84
Digitoxin is eliminates by the
Liver
85
B Blockers that are given in the treatment of HF
Metoprolol (B1 selective) | Carvedilol (B,a)
86
PDE in the treatment of Acute HF
Milrinone | Theophylline
87
Contraindication agents in CHF
Thiazolinedione NSAID's COX-2 inhib. CCB
88
Which drug is completely contraindicated in acute HF?
B-Blockers

S.N Pharmacology I (15 decks)

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