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PA3305 > 9.7- Respiratory Tests > Flashcards

9.7- Respiratory Tests Flashcards

1
Q

how does pleuritic, musclular, fx, herpes, pericardial, myocardial infarction chest pain show

A

pleuritix- sharp pain
fx- sudden pain
muscular- worse on moving
herpes- severe pain pre rash
pericardial- sharp (relieved leaning forward)
myocardial infarction- crushing, sudden onset

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2
Q

what are the main respiratory tests (5)

A 
Spiroetry
blood gases + elctros
-Pulse oximetry
-lactate
-HbCo, ACE, ICE etc
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3
Q

What is FVC and FEV1

A

FVC- forced vital capacity (most that can be exhaled w effort

FEV1- forced expiration of volume in one second

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4
Q

if there is a reduced + restricted FEV1/FVC what does that mean

A

reduced- obstruction disease (asthma/copd)

in restriction- no chance

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5
Q

causes and lab results in acute respiratory acidosis

A

causes: choking, bronchopneumonia, asthma

Lab- Blood pCO2 rises, H+ increased. Blood pO2 lowers

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6
Q

Casues and lab results in chronic respiratory acidosis

A

causes- chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic asthma, bronchiectasis

Abnormal lab results- Peak expiratory flow reduced, FEV1/FVC recuced, pCOs double

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7
Q

what is respiratory alkalosis caused by

A
  • hysteria
  • mechanical over ventilation
  • raised intracranial pressue
  • hypoxia
  • salickylate overdose early
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8
Q

what stims ventilation (3)

A
  • Increase pCO2
  • fall in pH
  • decreased pO2
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9
Q

what are the 4 main obstructive lung diseases

A
  1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  2. Asthma
  3. Bronchiectasis
  4. Cystic Fibrosis
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10
Q

what is COPD

A
  1. Chronic bronchitis- episodes of productive cough for atleast 3m for 2y
  2. Emphysema- enlargement of airspaces, destruction of perenchyma, closing of small airways
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11
Q

differences bw Emphysema (pink puffer) and COPD (Blue bloater)

A

Emphysema- Hyperventilation (SOB), o2/co2 down

COPD- hypventilateion, low o2, co2 up, edema

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12
Q

What is type 1 respiratory failure and what diseases is it seen in

A

Low pO2 + normal pCO2

-pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, lobar pnmoneia

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13
Q

What is type 2 respiratory failire and what is it seen in

A

Low O2 and High Co2

Bronchial pnemonia, Chronic bronchitis

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14
Q

What is the etiology of asthma (extrinicic and instrincic)

A

Extrinsic- hypersensitivity to pollen

Instrincic- Asprin, Nsaids, beta blockers etc

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15
Q

What are the asthma signss/sym

A

SOB
wheexe
worst in early morn
cough

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16
Q

Tests for asthma + findings

A

Spirometor- >15% airflow obstruction
Oesinophilia
Skin tests pos (raised IgE)

17
Q

Tests for cystic fibrosis (3)

A

sweat chloride test
FVC low
lung volume increased

18
Q

What is bronchiectasis and what is the triad and best test

A

Abnormal irrevesible dialation of medium airways

triad: persistent productive cough, copius purulent sputim, haemoptysis

CT

19
Q

Sarcoidosis- what is it and lab results (3)

A

resitrictive lung disease

  • high ACE
  • may be hypercalciuria and hypercalcaemia
20
Q

What is extrinsic allergic alveolitis: who is it seen in and how to measure it

A

Interstitial lung diseases in bird fanciers or farmers lung

measure paraquat (paraquat poisioning)

21
Q

How to measure for goodpastures syndrome

A

Measure antiglomerular basement membrane

kidney as well as lung disease

22
Q

What is pneumoconiosis and what is it caused by

A

Inflammation and fibrosis caused by occupational inhalation of mineral dust (progressive lung fibrosis)

23
Q

symptoms of pneumoconiosis

A

Progressive dyspnoea, non productiove cough, hypoxaemia, decreased lung volume

24
Q

What is a thrombotic pulmonary embolism

A

Clots from deep veuns in leg break off and travel to lungs

25
Q

What is virchows triad and what is it for

A

pulmonary thromboembolism

  • Endothelial trauma
  • stasis
  • Hypercoagubility
26
Q

clinical features of pulmonary embolus

A
  • asymptomatic
  • chest pain
  • pnemonia w/o chills
  • sudden onset
27
Q

What are the main lab findings for pulmonary embolus

A
  • Serum lactate dehydrogenase increased

- Respiratory alkalosis w po2 reduced

28
Q

Risk factors of pulmonary embolis

A

obese
surgery
smoker
oral contraceptives

29
Q

non small cell carcinomas- how much of lung cancers and can it metastasize

A

half of lung cancers

maymetastatize readily

30
Q

key lung cancer symptoms

A

persistent cough/breathlessness
harmoptysis
inf slow to clear
paraneoplatic syndrome

31
Q

what are the 4 types of pleural effusions

A

Transudate- ultrafiltrate
exudates- inflammations
Empyema- purulent pleural effusion
haemothorax- blood in pleural space

32
Q

pleural effusion s/s

A

decreased breath sounds, egonophony, decreased tactile fremits, pleural rub

33
Q

Findings in pleural aspirtate that indicate trasudate or exudate

A

transudate <20g/l

Exudate >30g/l

PA3305 (8 decks)

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