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PA3305 > 9.4- Leukocyte Tests + Coagulation > Flashcards

9.4- Leukocyte Tests + Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is leukocytopenia and causes

A

-Reduced # of WBC in blood

–bone marrow destruction, phenothiazines, suphonanimides

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2
Q

What is lymphocytopenia and causes

A

Reduced number of lymphocytes

-acute inflammation, corticosteroids, immune def

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3
Q

What is leukocytosis and when is it changed

A

Elevated WBC

-inf, hemorrage, trauma, malignancy etc

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4
Q

What is lymphocytosis and when is it elevated

A

Elevated number of lymphocytes

-bacterial inf, protozoal inf, lymphatic leukemias, leukemia + non hodkgins

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5
Q

Signs of haemolotological malignancy

A
  • Lumps in neck,axilla, groin
  • splenomegaly
  • headaches
  • refered pai
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6
Q

Acute myeloid leukemia- age, target, cause, tests

A

-older age
target: myeloid precursor cells
Cause: bonemarrow blast cells

tests- anemia, leukocytes variable, coagulation ab, LD, Urate increased

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7
Q

Acute lympoid lukemia- age, target, cause, tests

A

Childhood
target- lymphoid precursor cells

cause- philidelphia chromosome (10-30% of time)

tests- Anemia, throbocytopenia, b lymphocytes

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8
Q

Chronic myeloid leukaemia- age, target, cause, tests,cure

A

25-45

target- neutrophils + precursors
cause- philidelphia chromosome 95%
tests- urate up
Cure- Slow advance to acute few cure

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9
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia- age, target, tests, cure

A

elderly
target- b lymphoctes
tests- gamma globulin decreased
cure- slow/rapid varients no cure

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10
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma- age, causem areas, biospy findings, cure

A

20-30
loc- Nodes, spleen, liver
Biopsy- Reed stenberg
cure- 70-85%

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11
Q

Non hodkins lymphoma: age, loc, biopsy findings, cure

A

> 50 years
loc- nodes and beyond
biopsy- B or T lymphocytes
cure- 30-40% at best

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12
Q

EBV: age, symptoms, pos tests

A

Adolescents/young adults

symptoms- malaise, fever, pharyngitis, lymphoadenopathy, spleepnomagaly

Combs, monospot +

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13
Q

What are myelomas and what do they release

A

Plasma cells in large numbers put out a fragement of immunoglobin (Bence jones proetins)

disease of the old age

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14
Q

Symptoms of myelomas

A 
-low back pain
anemia in 90%
-vert collapse in 80%
-thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia etc
-kidney failure 45%
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15
Q

Tests for myeloma

A

Urine protein
immunoelectrophoresis for light chains
increased ESR

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16
Q

What light chains will you see in myeloma

A

kappa or lambda chain

likely monoclonal

17
Q

Thrombocytopenia- cause, symptoms, diagnosis

A

causes- marrow failure,short life span, dilution, drugs

symp- nose bleeds, gum bleeds etc

diagnosis- blood smear, bleading time, platelet aggregation time

18
Q

What is vascular purpura: causes, tests

A

venous malformation of the skin

causes- asprin, chronic kidney failure, myeloid leukemia, myeloma

tests- CBC, kidney function test

19
Q

How to find if abnormal coagulation is chronic or aquired

A

Of chronic then inherited

if acutre than aquired

20
Q

what are the coagulation inhibitors (3)

A
  1. Antithrombin III
  2. Protein C
  3. Protein S
21
Q

Who is haemophilia A found in and what causes it and lab findings

A

Male
-Factor VIII decreased

lab- APTT slow, Factor VIII low

22
Q

Who does haemophilia B affect and cuase

A

Male

Factor IX decreased

23
Q

What is von willebrands disease and what does it affect

A

Affects both males and females

-Defect in transpor and stabalizing factor VIII (von willebrands factor)

24
Q

Lab findings for VonWillebrands disease

A
  • platelets decreased
  • PT time normal
  • APPT increased
  • Factor VIII + Von willebrands factor decreased
25
Q

What causes a hypercoaguable state (5)

A

Factor V leiden, Pro S def, Pro C def

Aquired- SLE, cancer

26
Q

What is Dissemiated intravascular coagulation and efects

A

Clotting and bleading

  • acute respiratory distress
  • kidney failure
  • adrenal necrosis etc
27
Q

DIC lab tests/results (6)

A
  1. platlets decreased
  2. PT increased
  3. APTT increased
  4. Thrombin time increased
  5. Fibrinogen increased
  6. Fibrin degreation products increased
28
Q

venous vs arterial thrombosis age

A

venous <40

atrial <30

29
Q

Thrombophilia causes

A
  • resistence to activated factor V leiden
  • pro s def
  • pro c def
  • antithrombin III def
30
Q

mc form of inherited thrombophilia

A

Factor V leiden varient

31
Q

What are the main thrombosis therapies (3)

A

Heparin
Warfarin
Thrombolytic therapy

32
Q

how does herapin work and how it monitored

A

activates: antithrombin

Inactivates: Prothrombin, Facto Xa, IXa, XIa

monitored by: APTT

(low molecular weight more effective)

33
Q

Tx for vcerebrovascular accident

A

clot busters:
tissue plasminogen activator

pro urokinase

PA3305 (8 decks)

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