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PA3305 > 9.2- Kidney Tests > Flashcards

9.2- Kidney Tests Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 1st line kindey tests (3 categories)

A
  1. Serum (creatine, urea, electrolytes)
  2. Urinalysis
  3. Creatine clearence
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2
Q

2nd line kidney tests if first idicate a problem (3)

A
  1. Serum (calcium, albumin)
  2. Urine pro
  3. Osmolarity
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3
Q

of those w known kidney disease 72% didnt have these 2 known risk factors

A
  • High blood pressure

- Diabetes mellitus

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4
Q

What are the major symptoms of kindey disease(4)

A

-changes in urine volume, color, smell

  • Pain in abdomen or on micturition
  • oedema, heart failure etc
  • itching, skin chanegs etc
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5
Q

What is serum creatine used for and when does it become abnormal

A

Glomerular filtration test

becomes abnormal when 80% of function is lost

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6
Q

Creatine clearence test

A
  • becoming obsolete

- tests for amount of blood cleared of creatine in unit tim (GFR meaurment)

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7
Q

serum creatine vs creatine clearence

A

Creatine clearence more sensitive

-clearence is simlpler

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8
Q

If serum creatine clearence is low but pt is well what could that mean (2)

A
  • Preg

- Reduced mm mass

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9
Q

If serum creatine is high but pt is well what could that mean

A

-Acute or chronic reduction in GFR

false pos = creatine sups

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10
Q

What is the best test to test for early kidney disease

A

Serum creatinine

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11
Q

What is the back up test to serum creatinine and what does it test forq

A 
serum urea
(asseses kidney function)
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12
Q

What could low serum urea suggest

A

Low pro

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13
Q

What could high serum urea suggest (3)

A
  1. High pro diet
  2. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
  3. Pro catabolism
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14
Q

What are the commonly tested electrolytes in kidney tests (4)

A

sodi
pot
chl
bicarbonate

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15
Q

What are the 2 electros in cell and 2 out

A

in- pot, magnesium

out- sodium, calcium

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16
Q

Comparing sodium in serum and urine gives an assesment of what

A

kidney proximal tubular function

17
Q

If sodium and cholride change in the same direction what could that indicate (2)

A
  1. retention/loss of water

2. excress/ loss of NaCl

18
Q

What is bicarbonate abnormal in (3)

A
  1. metabolic diseases
  2. Kidney diseases
  3. Lung diseases
19
Q

What is anion gap and what does a increased anion gap mean

A

(na + k)- (cl + bicarb)

-increased when another abnormal anion is present (usually due to metabolic diseases

20
Q

What could calcium and magnesium changes indicate in kidney diseases

A

Specifically for issues w distal tubule

21
Q

What do high levels (>50g/l) mean for serum albumin

A

dehydration

22
Q

What is serum phosphate changed in (2)

A

reciprocal of serum calc (if calc low then phosphate high)

-will be low w low vit d

23
Q

Why would serum albumin be low (<35g/l)

A
  • liver diseases
  • kidney diseases
  • chronic starvation

(will have obvious oedema)

24
Q

How should u sample urine

A

<4hrs old
-most conc sample overnight

-for metabolic diseases (diabetes) sample taken 2 hrs after meal

25
Q

what could anuria and oliguria suggest (2, 1)

A

anuria- kidney failure, obstruction

oliguria- kidney ischemia

26
Q

What does deep yellow, red, black urine suggest

A

deep yellow- riboflavin

red0 haemoglobin

black- old blood, bleeding in kidney

27
Q

What could a small amount constant pro, and large, false pos amount suggest

A

small constant- early kidney failure

large- nephrotic syndrome

false- Quaternary amonia, chlorohexidine

28
Q

What could a small amount constant pro, and large, false pos amount suggest

A

small constant- early kidney failure

large- nephrotic syndrome

false- Quaternary amonia, chlorohexidine

29
Q

What could cause glucose overload (2) and flase neg

A

Diabetes, preg

false neg- Vit C

30
Q

What could keytones present suggest (2)

A

Diabetes, preg

31
Q

What could hypersthenuria suggest (>1.010), (2)

A

-Dehydration, diabetes

32
Q

What would cause bilirubin/urobilinogen to be present

A

Liver disease

33
Q

What would pos nitrates sigest

A

Uti from bacteria such as e coli (mc)

34
Q

if nitrites, leucocytes, blood are present on dipstick

A

94%

35
Q

What could casts of tubules suggest in microscopy

A

Dehydration
UTI
red cell casts= infection in kidnet

36
Q

what could crystals in microscopy suggest

A

Metabolic
UTI
stones

37
Q

What could epithelia suggest

A

tubular disease

38
Q

Pos PSA result suggest prostate cancer what % of the time

A

50% of the time

PA3305 (8 decks)

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