9.2 (2)- Kidney Tests

Question 1

How to suggest kidney disease (4)

Answer 1

• change in urine volume, frequency, color
• pain in abdomen
• pain on mictrition
• oedema

Question 2

cause of kidney failure: pre kidney + %

Answer 2

shock (not enough blood to the kidney causing injury) 25% of cases

Question 3

Kidney failure at the kidney level (3 causes)

Answer 3

Glomerular membrane- always involved

Tubule- 50% of cases

Vascular 5%

Question 4

% of kidney failure due to post kidney

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

How to test for GFR

Answer 5

plasma/serum creatine

Question 6

How to test for tubular functions (2)

Answer 6

1. Plasma and urine sodium

2. Plasma and /or unine osmolarity

Question 7

what does chronic low level of pr

Answer 7

early sign of kidney disease

Question 8

Chronic large protein loss is a feature of what

Answer 8

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 9

What is nephrosis vs neohritis

Answer 9

nephrosis- swollen kidney (consequence of glomerular nephritis)

Nephritis- inflamed kidney

Question 10

What is nephrotic syndrome due to

Answer 10

Glomerulonephritis

Question 11

Causes of post kidney failure

Answer 11

kidney stones
prostate cancer
kidney cancers
bladder cancers
cystic diseases

Question 12

causes of kidney and bladder stones (3)

Answer 12

dehydration
mineral excess
infections

Question 13

4 main types of bladder stones and %

Answer 13

1/2. calcium oxalate + phosphate= 55-80

triple ammonium phosphate- 5-10%

urate- 5-10%

Question 14

disease that causes 10% of kidney stones

Answer 14

Hyperparathyrodism

Question 15

Clinical findings in kidney cancer (3)

Answer 15

Harmaturia
Loin pain
Flank Mass

Question 16

Lab tests for kidney cancer

Answer 16

CBC- if erythropoietin (EPO) is increased so will haemoglobin

Question 17

tests required for UTI, Pyelonephritis, KIdney stones, bladder stones, prostatisis, bladder cancer

Answer 17

UTI/Pyelonephritits- urinalysis

Kidney stones- Calcium, urate

Bladder stones- Urinalysis, crystals

Prostatitis- prostate specific antigen

Bladder cancer- Urinalysis, matrix pro

Question 18

What may decrease in function w chriocarcinoma (cancer of uterus)

Answer 18

lung function

Question 19

how could u test for ruptured tubule in etopic peg

Answer 19

Serum amylase

Question 20

What will be positive in ovarian cancers (2)

Answer 20

80-85% will see serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) increaed

+ pelvic mass

Question 21

What is the clinical triad of polyscysitic ovarian disease

Answer 21

Irregukar menses, hursuture (hairyt face), Acanthosis nigricans (pigmentation on armpits + nape of neck)

• Diabetes
• cardiac disease

Question 22

When will human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) be decreased/increased

Answer 22

decreased- ectopic preg

Increased- preg, cancer