9.2 Accessory Organs

Question 1

pancreas

Answer 1

exocrine: produce pancreatic juices contain sodium bicarbonate that neautrailze stomach acid
endocrine: secrete insulin and glucogen

Question 2

pancreatic islets

Answer 2

clusters of endocrine cells

• alpha cells produce glucagon (raises glucose levels by breakdown of glycogen to glucose, fat and protein used as energy source sparring glucose, breakdown of fat to glycerol and fatty acids)
• beta cells produce insulin (lowers glucose level stores glucose)
• delta cells produce somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone, supporess release of glucagon and insulin, decrease absorption of nutrients)

Question 3

liver

7 main functions

Answer 3

hepatic portal vein transports nutrients

1. detoxifies blood by removing poisonous substances
2. stores iron for vitamins A, D, E, K, B12
3. Makes plasma proteins from aa
4. Maintains glucose homeostasis
5. Produces urea (nitrogenous waste from aa breakdown)
6. Removes bilirubin (product of Hb) and excretes in bile stored in gall bladder
7. Regulates cholestrol level, emulsifys fats and breaksdown into droplets with more SA for pancreatic lipase to add

Question 4

describe hepatic portal system

Answer 4

1. sm intestine absorbs products of digestion
2. nutrient molecules go from hepatic portal vein to liver
3. liver monitors blood content
4. blood to hepatic veins to inferiror vena cava