2.5 Carbohydrates +

Question 1

what is the function of carbohydrates (2)

Answer 1

• quick fuel & short term energy storage in all organisms
• cell to cell recognition

Question 2

name two simple carbohydrates

a) describe them
b) name 3 examples and where they are found or how they are forms

Answer 2

1. monosaccharide:
   a) number of carbon atoms low
   b) glucose (blood), fructose (fruit), galactose (constituent of milk)
2. disaccharide
   a) two monosaccharide joined during dehydration
   b) sucrose (glucose + fructose) sugarcane, beets
   lactose (glucose + galactose) milk
   maltose (glucose + glucose) found in bread, butter

Question 3

what are complex carbohydrates

a) give 4 examples and their functions
b) describe their structures

Answer 3

polysaccharides

1. starch: energy storage for plants (some side chains)
   glycogen: energy storage for animals (many side chains)
   cellulose: plant cell walls (no side chains)
   chitin: exoskeleton

Question 4

what is the function of glucose

Answer 4

immediate source of energy

Question 5

where is glucose stored

Answer 5

enters the bloodstream where liver stores glucose as glycogen
-in between meals, liver releases glucose so that blood glucose concentration about 0.1%

Question 6

what is an organic molecule

Answer 6

contain carbon and hydrogen

Question 7

how does different carbon skeletons and attached functional groups cause organic molecules to have diff properties

Answer 7

can turn back on itself to form a ring compound, or spiral, or series of folds depending on interactions between atoms and functional groups
-functional groups: specific combination of bonded atoms that read in the same way

Question 8

what are nonpolar/polar covalent bonds

Answer 8

nonpolar: equal sharing of electrons
polar: unequal sharing of electrons WATER