9.1 Types of Learning

Question 1

What is nonassociative learning?

Answer 1

when an organism is repeatedly exposed to one type of stimulus

Question 2

What is a habit?

Answer 2

an action that is performed repeatedly until it becomes automatic

Question 3

What is habituation?

Answer 3

a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations

Question 4

What is dishabituation?

Answer 4

occurs when the previously habituated stimulus is removed

Question 5

What is sensitization?

Answer 5

an increase in the strength of a response with repeated applications of a stimulus

Question 6

What is associative learning?

Answer 6

process of learning in which one event, object, or action is directly connected with another

Question 7

What are the two general categories of associative learning?

Answer 7

classical conditioning
operant conditioning

Question 8

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 8

process in which two stimuli are paired in such a way that the response to one of the stimuli changes

Question 9

What are the four specific stimuli that classical conditioning relies on?

Answer 9

1. neutral stimulus
2. unconditional stimulus
3. conditioned stimulus
4. conditioned response

Question 10

What is a neutral stimulus?

Answer 10

stimulus that initially does not elicit any intrinsic response

Question 11

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 11

stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response

Question 12

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 12

originally a neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus until it can produce the conditioned response without the unconditioned stimulus

Question 13

What is the conditioned response?

Answer 13

learned response to the conditioned stimulus

Question 14

What are the processes by which the classically conditioned responses are developed?

Answer 14

acquisition
extinction
spontaneous recovery
generalization
discrimination

Question 15

What is acquisition in relation to the classically conditioned response?

Answer 15

process of learning the conditioned response

Question 16

What is extinction in relation to the classically conditioned response?

Answer 16

occurs when the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are no longer paired so the conditioned response eventually stops occuring

Question 17

What is spontaneous recovery in relation to the classically conditioned response?

Answer 17

when an extinct conditioned response occurs again when the conditioned stimulus is resented after some period of time

Question 18

What is generalization in relation to the classically conditioned response?

Answer 18

process by which stimuli other than the original conditioned stimulus elicit the conditioned response

Question 19

What is discrimination in relation to the classically condition response?

Answer 19

occurs when the conditioned stimulus is differentiated from other stimuli thus the conditioned response only occurs for conditioned stimuli