9.1: Gene Mutation Flashcards
1
Q
Gene mutation
A
Any change to one or more of the nucleotide bases or their sequence.
2
Q
Two types of gene mutation
A
Substitution
Deletion
3
Q
Substitution of bases
A
Nucleotide replaced by a different nucleotide.
4
Q
Deletion of bases
A
Loss of a nucleotide.
Causes a shift in the triplet sequence.
5
Q
Chromosome mutations
A
Change in the structure or number of whole chromosomes
6
Q
Two types of chromosome mutation
A
Changes in whole sets of chromosomes
Changes in number of individual chromosomes
7
Q
Changes in number of individual chromosomes
A
Individual homologous pairs fail to separate causing there to be an extra chromosome of one less.
(Non-disjunction)
8
Q
Changes in whole sets of chromosomes
A
Organisms have 3 or more sets instead of 2 sets.
Polyploidy= occurs mostly in plants.
