5.7: HIV

Question 1

What does HIV stand for

Answer 1

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 2

What can HIV cause

Answer 2

AIDS

Question 3

What does AIDS stand for

Answer 3

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 4

What is HIV enclosed in/ surrounded by

Answer 4

lipid envelope with attachment proteins embedded in it

Question 5

What is a capsid

Answer 5

Protein layer inside the envelope

Question 6

Genetic material in HIV

Answer 6

2 single strands of RNA + DNA made from RNA

Question 7

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 7

an enzyme that catalyses the production of DNA from RNA

Question 8

What type of virus is HIV

Answer 8

retrovirus

Question 9

Replication of HIV

Answer 9

1. after infection, HIV enters the bloodstream and circulates around the body
2. A protein on HIV attached to another protein (often t helper cells)
3. The protein capsid fuses with the cell surface membrane and the RNA in enzymes of HIV enter the T helper cell
4. RNA converted into DNA by reverse transcriptase
5. new DNA is moved into t helper cells nucleus then inserted into the cells DNA
6. DNA in the nucleus = mRNA which goes into new HIV
7. Passes out of the nucleus makes HIV particles using cells protein synthesis mechanisms
8. HIV particles break away from t helper cell w/ some of the cell surface membrane which forms their lipid envelope

Question 10

How does HIV causes AIDS

Answer 10

by interfering/killing the normal function of t helper cells