1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4: Carbs + biological molecules

Question 1

Molecule

Answer 1

Consists of atoms, joined by bonds

Question 2

Covalent bonds

Answer 2

electrons shared

Question 3

Ionic bonds

Answer 3

electrons transferred

Question 4

Intermolecular bonds

Answer 4

hydrogen + (F/O/N - all negavtive that H bonds with)

Question 5

Polymerisation

Answer 5

Process where monomers join to form a polymer

covalent bonds

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

C6H12O6

Question 7

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

Add water and an enzyme to hydrolyse

Question 8

Carbohydrates

Answer 8

A group of substances used as both energy sources and structural materials in organisms

Question 9

Which elements in all carbohydrates

Answer 9

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 10

Monosaccharides

Answer 10

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 11

Disaccharides

Answer 11

sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 12

Maltose made from

Answer 12

2 x alpha glucose

Question 13

Sucrose made from

Answer 13

alpha glucose and fructose

Question 14

Lactose made from

Answer 14

alpha glucose and galactose

Question 15

Hexose sugar

Answer 15

6 carbons atoms

Question 16

Isomers

Answer 16

Monomers with the same chemical formulas but a different structure eg) alpha and beta glucose

Question 17

Reducing sugars

Answer 17

glucose (alpha and beta), fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose

Question 18

Non - reducing sugar

Answer 18

sucrose

Question 19

Reducing sugars in terms of electrons

Answer 19

reduction = gain of electrons, donating

Question 20

Non - reducing sugars in terms of electrons

Answer 20

can’t donate electrons

Question 21

What are polysaccharides

Answer 21

Polymers of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds which are formed by condensation reactions

Question 22

What are disaccharides

Answer 22

2 monosaccharides formed by a condensation reaction

Question 23

Main polysaccharides

Answer 23

plants: starch, cellulose
animals: glycogen

Question 24

Starch has 2 different structural units

Answer 24

amylose, amylopectin

Question 25

Starch stored as

Answer 25

Intercellular grains in organelles called plastids

Question 26

Starch made from

Answer 26

glucose during photosynthesis

Question 27

Starch broken down

Answer 27

during respiration > energy

Question 28

Glycogen found in

Answer 28

the cytoplasm of animal cells

Question 29

Glycogen is a

Answer 29

storage carbohydrate

Question 30

Differences between starch and glycogen

Answer 30

glycogen has more branches

Question 31

Glycogen stored where

Answer 31

in large amounts in the liver and muscle cells

Question 32

Cellulose

Answer 32

A polysaccharide which is the most abundant organic polymer and is the main part of cell walls

Question 33

Cellulose characteristic

Answer 33

very strong so prevents cells from bursting from osmotic gain

Question 34

Cellulose structural feature

Answer 34

made up of long, straight chains of beta glucose chains joined by hydogen bonds (weak) = microfibrils

Question 35

Cell wall can function as a

Answer 35

a carbohydrate store

Question 36

Amylopectin chains

Answer 36

highly branched chains side branches glucose released quickly

Question 37

Amylose chains

Answer 37

unbranched chains coiled structure compact good storage

Question 38

Test for reducing sugars

Answer 38

Benedict's test

Question 39

Benedict's solution colour change

Answer 39

blue > brick red

Question 40

Iodine test

Answer 40

orange > blue/black

Question 41

Test for starch

Answer 41

Iodine test

Question 42

Polymers

Answer 42

Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together

Question 43

Monomers

Answer 43

Small, basic molecular units

Question 44

Elements in all carbohydrates

Answer 44

C,H,O

Question 45

Condensation reaction

Answer 45

Two molecules join together by the formation of a new chemical bond and a water molecule is released when the bond is formed

Question 46

Bond between 2 monosaccharides formed

Answer 46

glycosidic bond

Question 47

Main energy storage material in plants

Answer 47

starch

Question 48

Main energy storage material in animals

Answer 48

glycogen

Question 49

How is glycogen's structure helpful

Answer 49

loads of side branches stored glucose can be released quickly very compact good for storage

Question 50

Cellulose provides | due to

Answer 50

structural support | micro fibrils