3.4 Eukaryotic cells and organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotic organisms

A

Made up of eukaryotic cells

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2
Q

Organelles

A

Parts of cells that have a specific function

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3
Q

Eukaryotic cells

are

A

Complex

all animal, plant, fungi, algae

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4
Q

Plant cells organelles

A

same as animal cells

+ cellulose cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

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5
Q

Algal cell organelles

A

same as plant cells

cell wall may be made out of glycoproteins and/or cellulose

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6
Q

Fungal cell organelles

A

same as plant cells except
cell walls made of chitin
no chloroplasts

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7
Q

Cell surface membrane

A

Double plasma membrane, phospholipid bylayer

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8
Q

Cell surface membrane

function

A

Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell

possesses receptor molecules on outside

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains chromosomes

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10
Q

Nucleus

function

A

Controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA

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11
Q

Mitochondrion

components

A

Usually oval shaped
double membrane - inner one is folded to form cristae
matrix inside

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12
Q

Mitochondrion

function

A

The site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced

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13
Q

Chloroplast

components

A

flattened structure found in plant and algal cells
surrounded by a double membrane
thylakoid membranes = inside membranes = forms grana

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14
Q

Chloroplast

function

A

Site where photosynthesis takes place

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

description

A

A group of fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus

function

A

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

17
Q

Golgi vesicle

description

A

A small fluid filled sac, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus

18
Q

Golgi vesicle

Function

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell via the cell surface membrane

19
Q

Lysosome

description

A

A round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
type of golgi vesicle

20
Q

Lysosome

function

A

Contains digestive enzyme called lysozymes which digest/hydrolyse invading cells or break down worn out cell components

21
Q

Ribosome

description

A

Very small organelle attached to RER or free in cytoplasm

made up of proteins and RNA and not surrounded by a membrane

22
Q

Ribosomes

function

A

Site where proteins are made (protein synthesis)

23
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

description

A

RER
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
surface covered with ribosomes

24
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

function

A

Folds and processes proteins that have me been made at the ribosomes

25
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | description
SER | Similar to RER but no ribosomes
26
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | function
Synthesises anf processes lipids
27
Cell wall | function
Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape
28
Cell vacuole
Helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid. Isolates any unwanted chemicals inside the cell and contains cell sap
29
Membrane surrounding the cell vacuole
tonoplast