3.4 Eukaryotic cells and organelles Flashcards
Eukaryotic organisms
Made up of eukaryotic cells
Organelles
Parts of cells that have a specific function
Eukaryotic cells
are
Complex
all animal, plant, fungi, algae
Plant cells organelles
same as animal cells
+ cellulose cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
Algal cell organelles
same as plant cells
cell wall may be made out of glycoproteins and/or cellulose
Fungal cell organelles
same as plant cells except
cell walls made of chitin
no chloroplasts
Cell surface membrane
Double plasma membrane, phospholipid bylayer
Cell surface membrane
function
Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell
possesses receptor molecules on outside
Nucleus
A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains chromosomes
Nucleus
function
Controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA
Mitochondrion
components
Usually oval shaped
double membrane - inner one is folded to form cristae
matrix inside
Mitochondrion
function
The site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced
Chloroplast
components
flattened structure found in plant and algal cells
surrounded by a double membrane
thylakoid membranes = inside membranes = forms grana
Chloroplast
function
Site where photosynthesis takes place
Golgi apparatus
description
A group of fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs
Golgi apparatus
function
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes
Golgi vesicle
description
A small fluid filled sac, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus
Golgi vesicle
Function
Stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell via the cell surface membrane
Lysosome
description
A round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
type of golgi vesicle
Lysosome
function
Contains digestive enzyme called lysozymes which digest/hydrolyse invading cells or break down worn out cell components
Ribosome
description
Very small organelle attached to RER or free in cytoplasm
made up of proteins and RNA and not surrounded by a membrane
Ribosomes
function
Site where proteins are made (protein synthesis)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
description
RER
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
surface covered with ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
function
Folds and processes proteins that have me been made at the ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
description
SER
Similar to RER but no ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
function
Synthesises anf processes lipids
Cell wall
function
Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape
Cell vacuole
Helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid. Isolates any unwanted chemicals inside the cell and contains cell sap
Membrane surrounding the cell vacuole
tonoplast
