3.4 Eukaryotic cells and organelles

Question 1

Eukaryotic organisms

Answer 1

Made up of eukaryotic cells

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

Parts of cells that have a specific function

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells

are

Answer 3

Complex

all animal, plant, fungi, algae

Question 4

Plant cells organelles

Answer 4

same as animal cells

+ cellulose cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

Question 5

Algal cell organelles

Answer 5

same as plant cells

cell wall may be made out of glycoproteins and/or cellulose

Question 6

Fungal cell organelles

Answer 6

same as plant cells except
cell walls made of chitin
no chloroplasts

Question 7

Cell surface membrane

Answer 7

Double plasma membrane, phospholipid bylayer

Question 8

Cell surface membrane

function

Answer 8

Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell

possesses receptor molecules on outside

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains chromosomes

Question 10

Nucleus

function

Answer 10

Controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA

Question 11

Mitochondrion

components

Answer 11

Usually oval shaped
double membrane - inner one is folded to form cristae
matrix inside

Question 12

Mitochondrion

function

Answer 12

The site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced

Question 13

Chloroplast

components

Answer 13

flattened structure found in plant and algal cells
surrounded by a double membrane
thylakoid membranes = inside membranes = forms grana

Question 14

Chloroplast

function

Answer 14

Site where photosynthesis takes place

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

description

Answer 15

A group of fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

function

Answer 16

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

Question 17

Golgi vesicle

description

Answer 17

A small fluid filled sac, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus

Question 18

Golgi vesicle

Function

Answer 18

Stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell via the cell surface membrane

Question 19

Lysosome

description

Answer 19

A round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
type of golgi vesicle

Question 20

Lysosome

function

Answer 20

Contains digestive enzyme called lysozymes which digest/hydrolyse invading cells or break down worn out cell components

Question 21

Ribosome

description

Answer 21

Very small organelle attached to RER or free in cytoplasm

made up of proteins and RNA and not surrounded by a membrane

Question 22

Ribosomes

function

Answer 22

Site where proteins are made (protein synthesis)

Question 23

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

description

Answer 23

RER
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
surface covered with ribosomes

Question 24

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

function

Answer 24

Folds and processes proteins that have me been made at the ribosomes

Question 25

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

description

Answer 25

SER

Similar to RER but no ribosomes

Question 26

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

function

Answer 26

Synthesises anf processes lipids

Question 27

Cell wall

function

Answer 27

Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape

Question 28

Cell vacuole

Answer 28

Helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid. Isolates any unwanted chemicals inside the cell and contains cell sap

Question 29

Membrane surrounding the cell vacuole

Answer 29

tonoplast