3.6: Prokaryotic cells and viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic

A

Pro are smaller and simpler

pro have genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus

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2
Q

Flagella (plural)

A

Long hair-like structure that rotates to move the cell

Not all prokaryotes have a flagellum/some have more than 1

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3
Q

DNA in prokaryotes

A

circular DNA
one coiled up strand
floats free in the cytoplasm not enclosed in a nucleus

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4
Q

Plasmids

A

Small loops of DNA separate from the circular DNA molecule, which contain genes that can be passed around prokaryotes eg: antibiotic resistance

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5
Q

Capsule

A

secreted slime around cell which helps to protect bacteria from attack by immune system cells

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6
Q

Acellular

A

not cells

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7
Q

Viruses are made of

A

a nucleic acid surrounded by protein

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8
Q

Viruses vs bacteria

A

viruses are smaller
no plasma membrane
no cytoplasm
no ribosomes

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9
Q

Host cells

A

Normal cells that are invaded by viruses which reproduce inside them

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10
Q

Viruses genetic material

A

DNA or RNA in a core

with a capsid (protein coat) around the core

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11
Q

How viruses attach to host cells

A

attachment proteins on the capsid stick out and will cling to a host cells

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12
Q

How do prokaryotes replicate

A

binary fission

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13
Q

Binary fission

A

The cell replicates, making copies of its genetic material

then splits into 2 daughter cells

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14
Q

Different viruses have different

A

attachment proteins
(therefore requires different receptor proteins on host cells
-not all viruses can infect all cells)

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15
Q

Viruses aren’t

A

alive

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