#9 u3aos2 - operant conditioning (ch5b) Flashcards
learning
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a process of acquiring knowledge or skills
as a result of experience
behaviourist approach
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a learning approach that states behaviours are learnt
through interactions with an individuals environment
what are the two behaviourist approaches
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classical conditioning
operant conditioning
conditioning
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the learning process by which
the behaviour of an organism
becomes dependent on an event occurring in it’s environment
stimuli
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an environmental object/event that triggers a response
response
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the reaction/behaviour triggered by a stimulus
operant conditioning
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a learning process where
the likelihood of a voluntary behaviour occurring
is determined by its consequence
what are the two possible behaviours that are likely to occur during operant conditioning
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- a response with a desirable consequence will tend to be repeated
- a response with an undesirable consequence will tend not to be repeated
what are the three phases of operant conditioning
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- antecedent
- behaviour
- consequence
antecedent
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an environmental stimulus
that triggers a response
it’s what happens before a response
behaviour
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an observable action by an organism
its what happens in response to the stimulus
consequence
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something that makes a behaviour:
- less likely to occur
- more likely to occur
its what happens after a response
what are the 4 types of consequences
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- positive reinforcement
- negative reinforcement
- positive punishment
- negative punishment
positive
1 marks
adding a stimulus
negative
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removing a stimulus
reinforcement
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a stimulus
that increases the likelihood of a response from occurring
positive reinforcement
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a stimulus
which strengthens a response
by providing pleasant/satisfying consequence
negative reinforcement
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an unpleasant stimulus that
when removed/avoided
provides a strengthened response
punishment
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a stimulus
that decreases the likelihood of a response from occurring
positive punishment
3 marks
a stimulus
that weakens a response by providing an unpleasant/unsatisfying consequence
negative punishment
3 marks
(also known as response cost)
a pleasant stimulus that
when removed/avoided provides a weakened response