#9 u3aos2 - operant conditioning (ch5b) Flashcards
learning
2 marks
a process of acquiring knowledge or skills
as a result of experience
behaviourist approach
2 marks
a learning approach that states behaviours are learnt
through interactions with an individuals environment
what are the two behaviourist approaches
2 marks
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
conditioning
3 marks
the learning process by which
the behaviour of an organism
becomes dependent on an event occurring in it’s environment
stimuli
1 mark
an environmental object/event that triggers a response
response
1 mark
the reaction/behaviour triggered by a stimulus
operant conditioning
3 marks
a learning process where
the likelihood of a voluntary behaviour occurring
is determined by its consequence
what are the two possible behaviours that are likely to occur during operant conditioning
4 marks
- a response with a desirable consequence will tend to be repeated
- a response with an undesirable consequence will tend not to be repeated
what are the three phases of operant conditioning
3 marks
- antecedent
- behaviour
- consequence
antecedent
3 marks
an environmental stimulus
that triggers a response
it’s what happens before a response
behaviour
2 marks
an observable action by an organism
its what happens in response to the stimulus
consequence
3 marks
something that makes a behaviour:
- less likely to occur
- more likely to occur
its what happens after a response
what are the 4 types of consequences
2 marks
- positive reinforcement
- negative reinforcement
- positive punishment
- negative punishment
positive
1 marks
adding a stimulus
negative
1 marks
removing a stimulus
reinforcement
2 marks
a stimulus
that increases the likelihood of a response from occurring
positive reinforcement
3 marks
a stimulus
which strengthens a response
by providing pleasant/satisfying consequence
negative reinforcement
3 marks
an unpleasant stimulus that
when removed/avoided
provides a strengthened response
punishment
2 marks
a stimulus
that decreases the likelihood of a response from occurring
positive punishment
3 marks
a stimulus
that weakens a response by providing an unpleasant/unsatisfying consequence
negative punishment
3 marks
(also known as response cost)
a pleasant stimulus that
when removed/avoided provides a weakened response
characteristics of operant conditioning
4 marks
direct VS indrect:
direct learning
evidence of learning:
always observable (as the ehaviour is displayed)
role of learner:
active
reinforcement of learner:
increases likelihood of the learner repeating the behaviour to achieve a positive outcome
