#9 u3aos2 - operant conditioning (ch5b) Flashcards

1
Q

learning
2 marks

A

a process of acquiring knowledge or skills
as a result of experience

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2
Q

behaviourist approach
2 marks

A

a learning approach that states behaviours are learnt
through interactions with an individuals environment

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3
Q

what are the two behaviourist approaches
2 marks

A

classical conditioning
operant conditioning

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4
Q

conditioning
3 marks

A

the learning process by which
the behaviour of an organism
becomes dependent on an event occurring in it’s environment

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5
Q

stimuli
1 mark

A

an environmental object/event that triggers a response

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6
Q

response
1 mark

A

the reaction/behaviour triggered by a stimulus

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7
Q

operant conditioning
3 marks

A

a learning process where
the likelihood of a voluntary behaviour occurring
is determined by its consequence

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8
Q

what are the two possible behaviours that are likely to occur during operant conditioning
4 marks

A
  • a response with a desirable consequence will tend to be repeated
  • a response with an undesirable consequence will tend not to be repeated
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9
Q

what are the three phases of operant conditioning
3 marks

A
  • antecedent
  • behaviour
  • consequence
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10
Q

antecedent
3 marks

A

an environmental stimulus
that triggers a response
it’s what happens before a response

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11
Q

behaviour
2 marks

A

an observable action by an organism
its what happens in response to the stimulus

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12
Q

consequence
3 marks

A

something that makes a behaviour:
- less likely to occur
- more likely to occur
its what happens after a response

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13
Q

what are the 4 types of consequences
2 marks

A
  • positive reinforcement
  • negative reinforcement
  • positive punishment
  • negative punishment
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14
Q

positive
1 marks

A

adding a stimulus

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15
Q

negative
1 marks

A

removing a stimulus

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16
Q

reinforcement
2 marks

A

a stimulus
that increases the likelihood of a response from occurring

17
Q

positive reinforcement
3 marks

A

a stimulus
which strengthens a response
by providing pleasant/satisfying consequence

18
Q

negative reinforcement
3 marks

A

an unpleasant stimulus that
when removed/avoided
provides a strengthened response

19
Q

punishment
2 marks

A

a stimulus
that decreases the likelihood of a response from occurring

20
Q

positive punishment
3 marks

A

a stimulus
that weakens a response by providing an unpleasant/unsatisfying consequence

21
Q

negative punishment
3 marks
(also known as response cost)

A

a pleasant stimulus that
when removed/avoided provides a weakened response